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Diversificação de fontes no financiamento do ensino superior: origens e possíveis futuros

In: Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 11

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  • Ana Nascimento

    (Instituto de Educação, Universidade de Lisboa)

Abstract

O tema da diversificação das fontes de financiamento no ensino superior tem sido alvo de ampla discussão. Alguns defendem que a universidade deve tornar-se empreendedora; outros referem-se às questões que se podem colocar por via do financiamento externo, como a da autonomia universitária ou da igualdade de oportunidades. Na história das universidades verifica-se que até ao início do século XIX o financiamento do ensino superior era completamente a cargo do aluno levando professores e instituições a responder mais às exigências dos alunos. Todavia, a industrialização e o progresso crescentes, deram à universidade outros papeis a nível da investigação e na formação de pessoas, originando a entrada do estado no financiamento deste nível educativo. Hoje, o papel do estado continua a ser dominante na maior parte dos sistemas de ensino superior. No entanto, a progressiva redução dessa participação seja pela incapacidade do estado responder a todas as solicitações de natureza social seja pela austeridade financeira que muitos países atravessam ou o aumento do número de alunos, obrigam estas instituições a procurarem alternativas de financiamento acompanhadas por um aumento acelerado dos custos, uma crescente austeridade institucional, a pressão orçamental sobre os estudantes e famílias, a necessidade de redução de custos e a necessidade de aumentar as receitas. No entanto, o apertar dos custos-receitas pode ter efeitos negativos na qualidade e na capacidade das IES e nos objetivos de participação, acesso e equidade ao ensino superior por todo o mundo (Johnstone, 2014) . Nesta comunicação discute-se o papel da diversificação das fontes de financiamento para a sobrevivência financeira das universidades bem como as consequências científicas, económicas e sociais eventualmente associadas a tais políticas.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Nascimento, 2016. "Diversificação de fontes no financiamento do ensino superior: origens e possíveis futuros," Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 11, in: José Manuel Cordero Ferrera & Rosa Simancas Rodríguez (ed.), Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 11, edition 1, volume 11, chapter 7, pages 149-172, Asociación de Economía de la Educación.
  • Handle: RePEc:aec:ieed11:11-07
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Allan Gibb & Gay Haskins & Ian Robertson, 2013. "Leading the Entrepreneurial University: Meeting the Entrepreneurial Development Needs of Higher Education Institutions," Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, in: Andreas Altmann & Bernd Ebersberger (ed.), Universities in Change, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 9-45, Springer.
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