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Das Defizit im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr in Theorie und Empirie

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  • Storchmann, Karl-Heinz

Abstract

Angesichts der Vervielfachung der Verkehrsleistung und des Individualverkehrs sowie der damit verbundenen Städtebau- und Umweltprobleme kommt immer wieder der Vorschlag einer Korrektur des modal split zugunsten des ÖPNV auf, und zwar insbesondere bezüglich der Berufs- und Ausbildungsverkehre. Unter den Instrumenten, die ein solches "Umsteigen" herbeiführen sollen, wird den Änderungen der relativen Preise besondere Bedeutung beigemessen, wobei Pkw-belastende Maßnahmen (z.B. eine Erhöhung der Mineralölsteuer) und ÖPNV-unterstützende bzw. attraktivitätssteigernde Maßnahmen (z.B. Verbilligungen durch Tarifsenkungen) diskutiert werden. Obwohl über diese Fragen schon lange gesprochen wird, ist es überraschend, daß tiefergehende theorie- und empiriegestützte Untersuchungen hierzu bislang noch weitgehend fehlen und zumeist nur sehr einfache Hypothesen dominieren. Typisch hierfür ist die verbreitete Vorstellung einer mit der Anhebung der Mineralölsteuer verbundenen "Dreifachdividende" (umweltpolitisch erwünschte Änderung des modal split, Anstieg des Steueraufkommens, Absenkung des ÖPNV-Defizits), die sich bei näherer Betrachtung jedoch als falsch erweist. So zeigt der Autor, daß die meisten der diskutierten Maßnahmen das Defizit der ÖPNV-Unternehmen weiter vergrößern würden. Insofern muß in diesem Zusammenhang auch dem Wirtschaftlichkeitsanliegen Rechnung getragen werden. Aber gerade die Berücksichtigung und Bestimmung der Defiziteffekte geschieht bisher nicht. Eine Änderung des modal split zugunsten des ÖPNV erweist sich als äußerst komplexe Aufgabe bzw. als interdependentes Wirkungsgefüge zwischen Preis, Verkehrsleistung, ÖPNV-Kosten und -Defizit. Die Lösung dieses Optimierungsproblems legt die Abbildung der Zusammenhänge in einem Gleichungssystem und eine umfassende Modellbetrachtung nahe. Die Bewältigung dieser methodischen und bislang vernachlässigten Anforderung macht sich die vorliegende Arbeit zur Aufgabe. (Aus dem Vorwort)

Suggested Citation

  • Storchmann, Karl-Heinz, 1999. "Das Defizit im öffentlichen Personennahverkehr in Theorie und Empirie," RWI Schriften, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, volume 64, number 64.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:rwisch:64
    DOI: 10.3790/978-3-428-49783-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth Button, 1993. "Transport, The Environment And Economic Policy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 69.
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    4. Baumol, William J & Bradford, David F, 1970. "Optimal Departures from Marginal Cost Pricing," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 60(3), pages 265-283, June.
    5. Beat Blankart*, 1975. "Der Nulltarif Im Nahverkehr Als Kollektive Und Individuelle Entscheidung," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(1), pages 154-157, January.
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    1. Storchmann, K. -H., 2001. "The impact of fuel taxes on public transport -- an empirical assessment for Germany," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 19-28, January.

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