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Die Zukunft sozialer Sicherheit

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  • Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung (Berlin)

Abstract

In der Debatte um die Zukunft unserer sozialen Sicherung gibt es verschiedene Grundüberzeugungen, Herangehensweisen und Vorschläge. Gemeinsam ist allen die Einschätzung, dass eine garantierte Grundsicherung prekäre Lebenslagen abfedern sollte: Eine Grundsicherung soll zuverlässig Armut vermeiden, vor allem bei Kindern, und Lücken im bestehenden System der sozialen Sicherung schließen. Ein zukünftiges Sicherungssystem soll unbürokratischer, transparenter und gerechter sein als das bisherige, es soll Teilhabechancen eröffnen und vor allem die Schwächsten stützen. Daneben sind noch zahlreiche Fragen hinsichtlich der Grundausrichtung wie auch der Konkretisierung künftiger Sozialstaatsreformen in der Diskussion. So bekam in der Debatte der letzten zwei Jahre eine alte Idee wieder neuen Schwung: das allgemeine Grundeinkommen. Die Befürworter argumentieren mit dem sich kontinuierlich verschlechternden Zustand des Wohlfahrtsstaates, mit dringend zu schließenden Gerechtigkeitslücken und der überzeugend einfachen Eleganz eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens. Demgegenüber verweisen andere auf die Bedeutung öffentlicher Institutionen für die Ermöglichung von realer Teilhabe sowie auf problematische Wirkungsweisen für Arbeitsmarkt und Wertschöpfung. Zur Diskussion stehen insbesondere folgende Fragen: Welche Auswirkungen hat ein Grundeinkommen auf die gesellschaftliche Integration - verfestigt es eher den Ausschluss der Benachteiligten oder ermöglicht es umgekehrt erst die Teilhabe aller am öffentlichen Leben? In welchem Verhältnis stehen Grundeinkommen und Erwerbsarbeit? Soll ein Grundeinkommen bedingungslos gewährt oder am Konzept einer bedarfsorientierten Grundsicherung festgehalten werden? Soll insbesondere die Koppelung zwischen Grundsicherung und Arbeit aufgelöst oder im Gegenteil zu einer Kombination von "Bürgereinkommen" mit "bürgerschaftlicher Arbeit" ausgebaut werden? Welche bestehenden sozialstaatlichen Leistungen sollen durch ein Grundeinkommen ersetzt werden? Ist ein Grundeinkommen auf dem Niveau des heutigen ALG II (allerdings ohne Bedarfsprüfung und Anrechnung von Vermögen) finanziell und wirtschaftlich tragbar? Gibt es Varianten eines Grundeinkommens, die sogar die gesamtwirtschaftliche Effizienz verbessern könnten?

Suggested Citation

  • Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung (Berlin) (ed.), 2007. "Die Zukunft sozialer Sicherheit," Schriften zu Wirtschaft und Soziales, Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V., Berlin, volume 2, number 2, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:boesws:2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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