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Additive and Multiplicative Models and Multistage Carcinogenesis Theory

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  • Charles C. Brown
  • Kenneth C. Chu

Abstract

In light of the Armitage‐Doll multistage carcinogenesis theory, this paper examines the assumption that an additive relative risk relationship is indicative of two carcinogens that affect the same stage in the cancer process. We present formulas to compute excess cancer risks for a variety of patterns for limited exposure durations to two carcinogens that affect the first and penultimate stages; and using an index of synergy proposed by Thomas (1982), we find a number of these patterns to produce additive, or nearly additive, relative risk relationships. The consistent feature of these patterns is that the two exposure periods are of short duration and occur close together.

Suggested Citation

  • Charles C. Brown & Kenneth C. Chu, 1989. "Additive and Multiplicative Models and Multistage Carcinogenesis Theory," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(1), pages 99-105, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:9:y:1989:i:1:p:99-105
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1989.tb01224.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Herman J. Gibb & Chao W. Chen, 1986. "Multistage Model Interpretation of Additive and Multiplicative Carcinogenic Effects," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 6(2), pages 167-170, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. James J. Chen & David W. Gaylor & Ralph L. Kodell, 1990. "Estimation of the Joint Risk from Multiple‐Compound Exposure Based on Single‐Compound Experiments," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(2), pages 285-290, June.
    2. Daniel Krewski & Richard D. Thomas, 1992. "Carcinogenic Mixtures," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(1), pages 105-113, March.
    3. David W. Gaylor & James J. Chen, 1996. "A Simple Upper Limit for the Sum of the Risks of the Components in a Mixture," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(3), pages 395-398, June.

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