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Uptake of Chloroform by Skin During Short Exposures to Contaminated Water

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  • Mohammad S. Islam
  • Luhua Zhao
  • James N. McDougal
  • Gordon L. Flynn

Abstract

Uptake of chloroform into hairless rat stratum corneum from dilute aqueous solutions was studied using tape‐stripping to determine amounts deposited in the skin under various environmental exposure scenarios. The length of exposure of sedated animals to the chloroform‐containing medium, the frequency and duration of tape‐stripping, and the number of tape‐strips per location were varied to map the stratum corneum substantivity of chloroform. Eight minutes immersion of the rat within a well‐stirred solution at 36°C was found to be adequate time for the gradient to be established fully across the stratum corneum. Penetration was progressively deeper as the exposure time increased. Substantial evaporative loss of chloroform from the aqueous medium of application seem to be responsible for lower cumulative amounts taken up when the same solution was held on the rat's skin within a stainless steel template of fixed area. Of the total uptake (29 mg) from a dilute stirred solution of chloroform (0.44 mg/ml) at 36°C, about 95% was systematically absorbed after a 30 min exposure as determined by residuals (measurement of bath concentrations).

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad S. Islam & Luhua Zhao & James N. McDougal & Gordon L. Flynn, 1995. "Uptake of Chloroform by Skin During Short Exposures to Contaminated Water," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(3), pages 343-352, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:15:y:1995:i:3:p:343-352
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00327.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wan K. Jo & Clifford P. Weisel & Paul J. Lioy, 1990. "Routes of Chloroform Exposure and Body Burden from Showering with Chlorinated Tap Water," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(4), pages 575-580, December.
    2. Robert L. Chinery & A. Kevin Gleason, 1993. "A Compartmental Model for the Prediction of Breath Concentration and Absorbed Dose of Chloroform After Exposure While Showering," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(1), pages 51-62, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kenneth T. Bogen, 2013. "Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(7), pages 1334-1352, July.
    2. Mohammad S. Islam & Luhua Zhao & Joseph Zhou & Lilly Dong & James N. McDougal & Gordon L. Flynn, 1996. "Systemic Uptake and Clearance of Chloroform by Hairless Rats Following Dermal Exposure. I. Brief Exposure to Aqueous Solutions," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 16(3), pages 349-357, June.

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