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Shaping Long‐term Care for Older Adults: Exploring the Role of Geriatricians in Italy and the United States

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  • Francesca Degiuli

Abstract

Aging and the need to reconfigure the provision of long‐term care for aging adults has become a pressing policy issue for many high and middle‐level income countries across the world. Traditionally, research on long‐term care and its organization has centered on the analysis of the triangle of state/market/family to understand its operation and distribution across social actors. To this day, however, little to no attention has been paid to the role that doctors play in these processes, notwithstanding the fact that they are a key node at the intersection of the above‐mentioned institutions. This paper begins to fill this gap by exploring the role that geriatric doctors play in supporting, maintaining, reproducing, and sometimes challenging how aging and its processes are understood by society at large and how they are addressed at macro and micro‐levels. The paper is based on qualitative interviews with geriatric doctors in the United States and Italy operating both in the private and public sector, on participant observations at Italian geriatric conferences, and on the analysis of email threads of the American Geriatrics Society. The analysis of the data shows that limited geriatricians' presence in both countries affects both how society at large, from individuals to institutions, understand aging and its processes and the increased need for long‐term care Addressing these issues from a policy perspective has the potential to greatly improve, both from an economic and social perspective, how long‐term care for aging adults is understood, organized, and delivered. El envejecimiento y la necesidad de reconfigurar la provisión de atención a largo plazo para los adultos mayores se ha convertido en un problema de política apremiante para muchos países de ingresos medios y altos en todo el mundo. Tradicionalmente, la investigación sobre los cuidados de larga duración y su organización se ha centrado en el análisis del triángulo estado/mercado/familia para comprender su funcionamiento y distribución entre los actores sociales. Sin embargo, hasta el día de hoy, se ha prestado poca o ninguna atención al papel que juegan los médicos en estos procesos, a pesar de que son un nodo clave en la intersección de las instituciones mencionadas. Este documento comienza a llenar este vacío al explorar el papel que desempeñan los médicos geriátricos en el apoyo, el mantenimiento, la reproducción y, en ocasiones, el desafío de cómo la sociedad en general entiende el envejecimiento y sus procesos y cómo se abordan a nivel macro y micro. El documento se basa en entrevistas cualitativas con médicos geriatras en los Estados Unidos e Italia que operan tanto en el sector público como en el privado, en observaciones de participantes en conferencias geriátricas italianas y en el análisis de hilos de correo electrónico de la Sociedad Estadounidense de Geriatría. El análisis de los datos muestra que la presencia limitada de geriatras en ambos países afecta tanto la forma en que la sociedad en general, desde los individuos hasta las instituciones, entiende el envejecimiento y sus procesos y la mayor necesidad de atención a largo plazo. Abordar estos problemas desde una perspectiva política tiene el potencial mejorar en gran medida, tanto desde una perspectiva económica como social, cómo se entiende, organiza y brinda la atención a largo plazo para adultos mayores. 老龄化和老年人长期护理服务的重新配置需求已成为世界上许多中高收入国家所面临的紧迫政策问题。传统上,关于长期护理及其组织的研究聚焦于分析国家/市场/家庭的三角关系,以理解其在社会行动者之间的运作和分配。不过,直到今天,医生在这些过程中所发挥的作用几乎没有受到关注,尽管事实上他们是上述机构交叉点的关键节点。本文试图填补该空白,探究了老年病学医生在支持、维持、再生产以及有时挑战“社会对老龄化及其过程的理解以及如何在宏观和微观层面应对这些过程”一事中发挥的作用。本文基于对美国和意大利私营和公共部门的老年病学医生的定性访谈、意大利老年病学会议参与者的观察、以及对美国老年医学会(American Geriatrics Society)电子邮件讨论的分析。数据分析表明,这两个国家的有限老年病学家人数会影响整个社会(从个人到机构)对老龄化及其过程的理解,并影响长期护理需求的增加。从政策角度解决这些问题有可能在经济和社会方面极大地改善对老年人长期护理的理解、组织和提供方式。

Suggested Citation

  • Francesca Degiuli, 2022. "Shaping Long‐term Care for Older Adults: Exploring the Role of Geriatricians in Italy and the United States," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(2), pages 79-109, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:eldpol:v:2:y:2022:i:2:p:79-109
    DOI: 10.18278/jep.2.2.3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liat Ayalon, 2020. "Life in a world for all ages: From a utopic idea to reality," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(1), pages 39-67, June.
    2. John Peters, 2012. "Neoliberal convergence in North America and Western Europe: Fiscal austerity, privatization, and public sector reform," Review of International Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 208-235.
    3. repec:mpr:mprres:7815 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Candace L Kemp & Mary M Ball & Jennifer Craft Morgan & Patrick J Doyle & Elisabeth O Burgess & Molly M Perkins, 2018. "Maneuvering Together, Apart, and at Odds: Residents’ Care Convoys in Assisted Living," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 73(4), pages 13-23.
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