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Age‐Differentiated vs. Age‐Integrated: Neoliberal Policy and the Future of the Life Course

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  • Dale Dannefer
  • Jielu Lin
  • George Gonos

Abstract

Observing the human costs for persons of all ages of the institutionalized tripartite life course (ILC) characterizing advanced postindustrial societies, gerontological pioneer Matilda White Riley proposed an “age‐integrated” alternative that would support a more balanced engagement with education, work, and leisure (i.e., retirement) across the life course. Without denying the kinds of manifest benefits that the ILC has provided to modern citizens (notably enhanced educational opportunities and retirement support), Riley rightly pointed out the opportunities lost due to the restrictions imposed by the normative age‐graded or age‐differentiated model of the “three‐box” life course. However, both the age‐segmented ILC and the age‐integrated alternative envisioned by Riley have presupposed the broad floor of support of essential components of the life course (i.e., education, work and retirement/leisure) provided by the post‐World War II social contract. We demonstrate that this floor of support has been dangerously eroded by the neoliberal turn in social policy, which has undermined that social contract. Ironically, the ideas of a more individualized or “flexible” life course are often co‐opted to legitimate the off‐loading of risk to individuals that is integral to neoliberal policy. In reality, viable implementation of Riley's proposed age‐integrated model would require a rejection of such policies and a renewed public commitment at least equal to the support that undergirded the institutionalized life course. We detail some dimensions of neoliberalism's impact on the life course, and we suggest the types of policy changes that could rebuild support for the institution of the life course, with special attention to Riley's age‐integrated model and its potential to advance human interests. Al observar los costos humanos para las personas de todas las edades del curso de vida tripartito institucionalizado (ILC) que caracteriza a las sociedades postindustriales avanzadas, la pionera gerontológica Matilda White Riley propuso una alternativa “integrada por edad” que respaldaría un compromiso más equilibrado con la educación, el trabajo y el ocio. (es decir, jubilación) a lo largo de la vida. Sin negar los tipos de beneficios manifiestos que la ILC ha brindado a los ciudadanos modernos (en particular, mejores oportunidades educativas y apoyo a la jubilación), Riley señaló correctamente las oportunidades perdidas debido a las restricciones impuestas por el modelo normativo graduado por edad o diferenciado por edad de la Curso de vida de “tres cajas”. Sin embargo, tanto la ILC segmentada por edad como la alternativa integrada por edad imaginada por Riley han supuesto el amplio piso de apoyo de los componentes esenciales del curso de la vida (es decir, educación, trabajo y jubilación / ocio) proporcionado por la posguerra. contrato social. Demostramos que este piso de apoyo ha sido peligrosamente erosionado por el giro neoliberal en la política social, que ha socavado ese contrato social. Irónicamente, las ideas de un curso de vida más individualizado o “flexible” a menudo son cooptadas para legitimar la descarga de riesgo para los individuos que es parte integral de la política neoliberal. En realidad, la implementación viable del modelo integrado por edades propuesto por Riley requeriría un rechazo de tales políticas y un compromiso público renovado al menos igual al apoyo que sustentaba el curso de vida institucionalizado. Detallamos algunas dimensiones del impacto del neoliberalismo en el curso de la vida, y sugerimos los tipos de cambios de política que podrían reconstruir el apoyo a la institución del curso de la vida, con especial atención al modelo integrado por edades de Riley y su potencial para promover los intereses humanos. 观察到制度化三段式生命历程(ILC)(高等后工业化社会的典型特征)对各年龄段人群产生的人类成本,老年学先驱者Matilda White Riley提出了一个“整合年龄的”替代方案,该方案支持对生命历程中的教育、工作和娱乐(即退休)进行更均衡的安排。在不否认ILC为现代公民提供的各类显而易见的益处(最重要的是提升教育机会和退休支持)的情况下,Riley正确地指出了因三段式生命历程的规范化年龄分级或年龄区分模式所产生的限制而丢失的机遇。不过,年龄区分型ILC和Riley所设想的年龄整合替代方案都假设二战后建立的社会契约为生命历程的基本部分(即教育、工作和退休/娱乐)提供广泛支持。我们证明,这种支持已被社会政策中的新自由主义转变所严重侵蚀,它损害了这种社会契约。可笑的是,关于一个更个体化或更“灵活”的生命历程的观点如今常被用于对“个体风险的去除”进行合法化,而这种风险是新自由主义政策必不可少的一部分。在现实中,以可行的方式执行Riley的年龄整合模式将要求拒绝这类政策,并需要一个新的公共承诺,这种承诺至少应提供制度化生命历程所需的支持。我们详细描述了新自由主义对生命历程所产生的影响的部分维度,并建议了那些能重建生命历程制度所需支持的政策变革类型,特别聚焦于Riley的年龄整合模式及其在提升人类利益方面的潜能。

Suggested Citation

  • Dale Dannefer & Jielu Lin & George Gonos, 2021. "Age‐Differentiated vs. Age‐Integrated: Neoliberal Policy and the Future of the Life Course," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 1(2), pages 59-82, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:eldpol:v:1:y:2021:i:2:p:59-82
    DOI: 10.18278/jep.1.2.3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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