IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/canjec/v57y2024i2p622-661.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Measuring physicians' response to incentives: Labour supply, multitasking and earnings

Author

Listed:
  • Nibene H. Somé
  • Bernard Fortin
  • Bruce Shearer

Abstract

Physicians are typically paid for services completed. Yet, they provide different types of services with different prices, introducing a multitasking element to their labour‐supply decisions. We show that optimal behaviour generates a maximum earnings function in which earnings depend on prices and total hours worked. Estimation by limited‐information methods identifies a lower bound to the own‐price substitution effect of a price change. Full‐information methods identify the full response to incentives, including income effects. We illustrate these methods on a sample of specialist physicians working in Québec, Canada. Our results suggest that the own‐price substitution effects of a price change are both economically and statistically significant. Income effects are present but overridden when prices increase for individual services. In contrast, in the presence of broad‐based fee increases, the income effect dominates the substitution effect, which leads physicians to reduce their supply of services. Comment mesurer la réponse des médecins aux incitations: offre de services, multitâches et dispensent. Les médecins sont généralement payés pour les services qu'ils fournissent. Cependant, ils dispensent différents types de service à des prix différents, ce qui vient introduire une dimension multitâche dans leurs décisions en matière d'offre de services. Nous montrons que le comportement optimal génère une fonction de gains maximaux dans laquelle les gains dépendent des prix et du nombre total d'heures travaillées. L'estimation par des méthodes à information limitée permet de déterminer une limite inférieure à l'effet‐prix direct de substitution. Les méthodes à information complète permettent de déterminer la réponse complète aux incitations, y compris les effets revenu. Nous illustrons ces méthodes en les appliquant à un échantillon de médecins spécialistes travaillant au Québec (Canada). Nos résultats suggèrent que les effets‐prix directs de substitution sont à la fois économiquement et statistiquement significatifs. Les effets revenu sont présents, mais ils sont annulés par l'augmentation des prix des services individuels. En revanche, en cas d'augmentation proportionnelle de tous les tarifs, l'effet revenu domine l'effet de l substitution, ce qui mène les médecins à réduire leur offre de services.

Suggested Citation

  • Nibene H. Somé & Bernard Fortin & Bruce Shearer, 2024. "Measuring physicians' response to incentives: Labour supply, multitasking and earnings," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(2), pages 622-661, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:622-661
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12710
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12710
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/caje.12710?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Richard Blundell & Ian Walker, 1986. "A Life-Cycle Consistent Empirical Model of Family Labour Supply Using Cross-Section Data," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 53(4), pages 539-558.
    2. Richard Blundell & Alan Duncan & Costas Meghir, 1998. "Estimating Labor Supply Responses Using Tax Reforms," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 66(4), pages 827-862, July.
    3. Christopher Ferrall & Allan W. Gregory & William Tholl, 1998. "Endogenous Work Hours and Practice Patterns of Canadian Physicians," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 31(1), pages 1-27, February.
    4. Patricia K. Foo & Robin S. Lee & Kyna Fong, 2017. "Physician Prices, Hospital Prices, and Treatment Choice in Labor and Delivery," American Journal of Health Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(3), pages 422-453, Summer.
    5. Badi H. Baltagi & Espen Bratberg & Tor Helge Holmås, 2005. "A panel data study of physicians' labor supply: the case of Norway," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(10), pages 1035-1045, October.
    6. Thomas C. Buchmueller & Sean Orzol & Lara D. Shore-Sheppard, 2015. "The Effect of Medicaid Payment Rates on Access to Dental Care among Children," American Journal of Health Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 1(2), pages 194-223, Spring.
    7. Terence C. Cheng & Guyonne Kalb & Anthony Scott, 2018. "Public, private or both? Analyzing factors influencing the labour supply of medical specialists," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 51(2), pages 660-692, May.
    8. Jeffrey Clemens & Joshua D. Gottlieb, 2014. "Do Physicians' Financial Incentives Affect Medical Treatment and Patient Health?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(4), pages 1320-1349, April.
    9. Dumont, Etienne & Fortin, Bernard & Jacquemet, Nicolas & Shearer, Bruce, 2008. "Physicians' multitasking and incentives: Empirical evidence from a natural experiment," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 1436-1450, December.
    10. Jeremiah Hurley & Roberta Labelle, 1995. "Relative fees and the utilization of physicians' services in Canada," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 4(6), pages 419-438, November.
    11. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
    12. Rizzo, John A. & Blumenthal, David, 1994. "Physician labor supply: Do income effects matter?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 433-453.
    13. Terence C. Cheng & Pravin K. Trivedi, 2015. "Attrition Bias in Panel Data: A Sheep in Wolf's Clothing? A Case Study Based on the Mabel Survey," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(9), pages 1101-1117, September.
    14. Thomas G. McGuire & Mark V. Pauly, 1991. "Physician Response to Fee Changes with Multiple Payers," Papers 0015, Boston University - Industry Studies Programme.
    15. Holmstrom, Bengt & Milgrom, Paul, 1991. "Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership, and Job Design," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(0), pages 24-52, Special I.
    16. Browning, Martin & Meghir, Costas, 1991. "The Effects of Male and Female Labor Supply on Commodity Demands," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(4), pages 925-951, July.
    17. Thomas F. Crossley & Jeremiah Hurley & Sung‐Hee Jeon, 2009. "Physician labour supply in Canada: a cohort analysis," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(4), pages 437-456, April.
    18. Hausman, Jerry A., 1979. "The econometrics of labor supply on convex budget sets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 171-174.
    19. Michael P. Keane, 2011. "Labor Supply and Taxes: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 49(4), pages 961-1075, December.
    20. Tom Lee & Carol Propper & George Stoye, 2019. "Medical Labour Supply and the Production of Healthcare," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(4), pages 621-661, December.
    21. Laurence C. Baker & Anne Beeson Royalty, 2000. "Medicaid Policy, Physician Behavior, and Health Care for the Low-Income Population," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 35(3), pages 480-502.
    22. Frank A. Sloan, 1975. "Physician Supply Behavior in the Short Run," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 28(4), pages 549-569, July.
    23. Blomquist, N Soren, 1989. "Comparative Statics for Utility Maximization Models with Nonlinear Budget Constraints," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 30(2), pages 275-296, May.
    24. Andreassen, Leif & Di Tommaso, Maria Laura & Strøm, Steinar, 2013. "Do medical doctors respond to economic incentives?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 392-409.
    25. Diane Alexander, 2020. "How Do Doctors Respond to Incentives? Unintended Consequences of Paying Doctors to Reduce Costs," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 128(11), pages 4046-4096.
    26. Jasmin Kantarevic & Boris Kralj & Darrel Weinkauf, 2008. "Income effects and physician labour supply: evidence from the threshold system in Ontario," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 41(4), pages 1262-1284, November.
    27. Dominic Coey, 2015. "Physicians' financial incentives and treatment choices in heart attack management," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 6(3), pages 703-748, November.
    28. Yip, Winnie C., 1998. "Physician response to Medicare fee reductions: changes in the volume of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgeries in the Medicare and private sectors," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(6), pages 675-699, December.
    29. Stern, N. H., 1976. "On the specification of models of optimum income taxation," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(1-2), pages 123-162.
    30. Davidson, Russell & MacKinnon, James G., 1993. "Estimation and Inference in Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195060119, December.
    31. Jonathan Gruber & Maria Owings, 1996. "Physician Financial Incentives and Cesarean Section Delivery," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 27(1), pages 99-123, Spring.
    32. Grant, Darren, 2009. "Physician financial incentives and cesarean delivery: New conclusions from the healthcare cost and utilization project," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 244-250, January.
    33. Krinsky, Itzhak & Robb, A Leslie, 1986. "On Approximating the Statistical Properties of Elasticities," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 68(4), pages 715-719, November.
    34. Joshua D. Gottlieb & Maria Polyakova & Kevin Rinz & Hugh Shiplett & Victoria Udalova, 2020. "Who Values Human Capitalists' Human Capital? Healthcare Spending and Physician Earnings," Working Papers 20-23, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    35. Jasmin Kantarevic & Boris Kralj & Darrel Weinkauf, 2008. "Income effects and physician labour supply: evidence from the threshold system in Ontario," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 41(4), pages 1262-1284, November.
    36. Devlin, Rose Anne & Sarma, Sisira, 2008. "Do physician remuneration schemes matter? The case of Canadian family physicians," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(5), pages 1168-1181, September.
    37. Heckman, James J, 1974. "Life Cycle Consumption and Labor Supply: An Explanation of the Relationship Between Income and Consumption Over the Life Cycle," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 64(1), pages 188-194, March.
    38. Krinsky, Itzhak & Robb, A Leslie, 1990. "On Approximating the Statistical Properties of Elasticities: A Correction," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 72(1), pages 189-190, February.
    39. Gruber, Jon & Kim, John & Mayzlin, Dina, 1999. "Physician fees and procedure intensity: the case of cesarean delivery," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(4), pages 473-490, August.
    40. Guyonne Kalb & Daniel Kuehnle & Anthony Scott & Terence Chai Cheng & Sung‐Hee Jeon, 2018. "What factors affect physicians' labour supply: Comparing structural discrete choice and reduced‐form approaches," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 101-119, February.
    41. McGuire, Thomas G. & Pauly, Mark V., 1991. "Physician response to fee changes with multiple payers," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 385-410.
    42. Dranove, David & Wehner, Paul, 1994. "Physician-induced demand for childbirths," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 61-73, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bruce Shearer & Nibene Habib Somé & Bernard Fortin, 2018. "Measuring Physicians’ Response to Incentives: Evidence on Hours Worked and Multitasking," Cahiers de recherche 1808, Chaire de recherche Industrielle Alliance sur les enjeux économiques des changements démographiques.
    2. Bruce Shearer & Nibene Habib Somé & Bernard Fortin, 2018. "Measuring Physicians’ Response to Incentives: Evidence on Hours Worked and Multitasking," Cahiers de recherche 1809, Centre de recherche sur les risques, les enjeux économiques, et les politiques publiques.
    3. Bernard Fortin & Nicolas Jacquemet & Bruce Shearer, 2021. "Labour supply, service intensity, and contracts: Theory and evidence on physicians," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(6), pages 686-702, September.
    4. Sung-Hee Jeon & Jeremiah Hurley, 2010. "Physician Resource Planning in Canada: The Need for a Stronger Behavioural Foundation," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 36(3), pages 359-375, September.
    5. Brekke, Kurt R. & Holmås, Tor Helge & Monstad, Karin & Straume, Odd Rune, 2017. "Do treatment decisions depend on physicians' financial incentives?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 74-92.
    6. Kantarevic, Jasmin & Kralj, Boris & Weinkauf, Darrel, 2010. "Enhanced Fee-for-Service Model and Access to Physician Services: Evidence from Family Health Groups in Ontario," IZA Discussion Papers 4862, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Bernard Fortin & Nicolas Jacquemet & Bruce Shearer, 2019. "Labour Supply, Service Intensity and Contract Choice: Theory and Evidence on Physicians," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-02158484, HAL.
    8. Nibene H. Somé & Rose Anne Devlin & Nirav Mehta & Gregory S. Zaric & Sisira Sarma, 2020. "Stirring the pot: Switching from blended fee‐for‐service to blended capitation models of physician remuneration," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(11), pages 1435-1455, November.
    9. Abe Dunn & Adam Hale Shapiro, 2018. "Physician Competition and the Provision of Care: Evidence from Heart Attacks," American Journal of Health Economics, MIT Press, vol. 4(2), pages 226-261, Spring.
    10. Mireille Jacobson & Tom Y. Chang & Joseph P. Newhouse & Craig C. Earle, M.D., 2013. "Physician Agency and Competition: Evidence from a Major Change to Medicare Chemotherapy Reimbursement Policy," NBER Working Papers 19247, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Erin M. Johnson & M. Marit Rehavi, 2016. "Physicians Treating Physicians: Information and Incentives in Childbirth," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 8(1), pages 115-141, February.
    12. repec:nip:nipewp:07/2015 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Diane Alexander, 2015. "Does Physician Pay Affect Procedure Choice and Patient Health? Evidence from Medicaid C-section Use," Working Paper Series WP-2017-7, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    14. Barili, Emilia & Bertoli, Paola & Grembi, Veronica, 2021. "Fee equalization and appropriate health care," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    15. Jeffrey Clemens & Joshua D. Gottlieb & Jeffrey Hicks, 2021. "How Would Medicare for All Affect Health System Capacity? Evidence from Medicare for Some," Tax Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 35(1), pages 225-262.
    16. Bernard Fortin & Nicolas Jacquemet & Bruce Shearer, 2008. "Policy Analysis in Health-Services Market: Accounting for Quality and Quantity," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 91-92, pages 293-319.
    17. Claudia Keser & Claude Montmarquette & Martin Schmidt & Cornelius Schnitzler, 2020. "Custom-made health-care: an experimental investigation," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12, December.
    18. Nicholas Benson & Jose Joaquin Lopez, 2024. "Surgeons' response to reimbursement changes for alternative procedures: Evidence from spine fusion in the U.S," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 42(1), pages 41-55, January.
    19. Fortin, Bernard & Jacquemet, Nicolas & Shearer, Bruce, 2010. "Labour Supply, Work Effort and Contract Choice: Theory and Evidence on Physicians," CLSSRN working papers clsrn_admin-2010-30, Vancouver School of Economics, revised 21 Oct 2010.
    20. Badi H. Baltagi & Espen Bratberg & Tor Helge Holmås, 2005. "A panel data study of physicians' labor supply: the case of Norway," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 14(10), pages 1035-1045, October.
    21. Véra Zabrodina & Mark Dusheiko & Karine Moschetti, 2020. "A moneymaking scan: Dual reimbursement systems and supplier‐induced demand for diagnostic imaging," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(12), pages 1566-1585, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:2:p:622-661. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1111/(ISSN)1540-5982 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.