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From the Food Mail Program to Nutrition North Canada: The impact on food insecurity among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous families with children

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  • Angela Daley
  • Sujita Pandey
  • Shelley Phipps
  • Barry Watson

Abstract

Food insecurity is prevalent in northern Canada, especially among Indigenous peoples. As one approach to address this issue, the federal government subsidizes the shipping of necessities to remote northern communities, initially through the Food Mail Program and then Nutrition North Canada as of April 2011. We use the Canadian Community Health Survey (2007 to 2016) and a difference‐in‐differences model to estimate the impact of the policy change on food insecurity, testing for heterogeneity between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous families. Our results, which withstand several robustness checks, indicate that the policy change increased the likelihood of overall food insecurity by 8.9 percentage points (77.3% relative to the sample mean) and moderate/severe food insecurity by 7.1 percentage points (89.3% relative to the sample mean). It also increased severe food insecurity among Indigenous families by 7.3 percentage points (more than three times the sample mean). There was, however, variation across regions and subsamples of families with children. Specifically, the policy change was particularly harmful to Indigenous families in the territories and Inuit Nunangat. The detrimental impact was also heightened in the presence of children, especially when considering severe food insecurity among Indigenous families. Passage du programme Aliments‐poste á Nutrition Nord Canada : incidence sur l'insécurité alimentaire des ménages autochtones et non autochtones avec enfants. L'insécurité alimentaire est répandue dans le Nord du Canada, en particulier chez les peuples autochtones. Pour y remédier, le gouvernement fédéral finance en outre l'envoi de produits de première nécessité aux communautés nordiques éloignées, d'abord par l'entremise du programme Aliments‐poste, puis de Nutrition Nord Canada depuis avril 2011. À l'aide de l'Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (2007 á 2016) et du modèle des doubles différences, nous mesurons l'effet du changement de politique sur l'insécurité alimentaire en évaluant l'hétérogénéité entre ménages autochtones et non autochtones. Nos résultats, d'une robustesse maintes fois vérifiée, indiquent que le changement de politique a accru la probabilité d'insécurité alimentaire globale de 8,9 points de pourcentage (77,3 % par rapport á la moyenne de l'échantillon) et d'insécurité alimentaire modérée ou grave de 7,1 points de pourcentage (89,3 % par rapport á la moyenne de l'échantillon). L'insécurité alimentaire grave des ménages autochtones s'est accrue de 7,3 points de pourcentage (plus de trois fois la moyenne de l'échantillon). Des variations ont toutefois été observées entre les régions et les sous‐échantillons de ménages avec enfants. Le changement de politique a été particulièrement préjudiciable aux ménages autochtones des territoires et de l'Inuit Nunangat. L'incidence néfaste s'amplifie en présence d'enfants, surtout dans les cas d'insécurité alimentaire grave des ménages autochtones.

Suggested Citation

  • Angela Daley & Sujita Pandey & Shelley Phipps & Barry Watson, 2024. "From the Food Mail Program to Nutrition North Canada: The impact on food insecurity among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous families with children," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(1), pages 27-54, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:57:y:2024:i:1:p:27-54
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12688
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