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Manufacturing output and extreme temperature: Evidence from Canada

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  • Philippe Kabore
  • Nicholas Rivers

Abstract

This paper analyzes the effects of extreme temperature on manufacturing output using a data set covering the universe of manufacturing establishments in Canada from 2004 to 2012. Extreme temperature can affect manufacturing activity directly through its impact on labour productivity and indirectly through a change in demand for products. Using a panel fixed effects method, our results suggest a non‐linear relationship between outdoor extreme temperature and manufacturing output. Each day where outdoor mean temperatures are below −18$$ -18 $$ °C or above 24 °C reduces annual manufacturing output by 0.18% and 0.11%, respectively, relative to a day with mean temperature between 12 ° and 18 °C. In a typical year, extreme temperatures, as measured by the number of days below −18$$ -18 $$ °C or above 24 °C, reduce annual manufacturing output by 2.2%, with extreme hot temperatures contributing the most to this impact. Given the predicted change in climate for the mid‐ and end of century, we predict annual manufacturing output losses due to extreme temperature to range between 2.8% and 3.7% in mid‐century and 3.7% and 7.2% in end of century. Ce papier analyse les effets des températures extrêmes sur la production manufacturières en utilisant une base de données couvrant l'ensemble des entreprises manufacturières au Canada sur la période 2004‐2012. Les températures extrêmes peuvent affecter l'activité manufacturière, soit directement à travers leurs effets sur la productivité au travail, ou indirectement à par leurs effets sur la demande des produits. En utilisant une analyse de panel à effets fixes, nos résultats suggèrent une relation non‐linéaire entre les températures extrêmes extérieures et la production manufacturière. Chaque jour avec des températures moyennes en dessous de −18$$ -18 $$ °C ou au dessus de 24 °C réduit la production manufacturière annuelle de 0.18 % et 0.11 %, respectivement, comparé à un jour avec une température moyenne se situant entre 12 ° et 18 °C. Au cours d'une année normale, les températures extrêmes, c'est‐à‐dire le nombre de jours en dessous de −18$$ -18 $$ °C ou au dessus de 24 °C, réduisent la production manufacturière annuelle de 2.2 %, avec les températures extrêmement chaudes contribuant le plus à cet impact. Compte tenu des changements climatiques prévus pour le milieu et la fin du siècle, nous prévoyons que les pertes annuelles de production manufacturière dues à des températures extrêmes se situeront dans une fourchette de 2.8 % à 3.7 % au milieu du siècle et de 3.7 % à 7.2 % à la fin du siècle.

Suggested Citation

  • Philippe Kabore & Nicholas Rivers, 2023. "Manufacturing output and extreme temperature: Evidence from Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(1), pages 191-224, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:56:y:2023:i:1:p:191-224
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12633
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    Cited by:

    1. Jakob Lehr & Katrin Rehdanz, 2023. "The Effect of Temperature on Energy Use, CO2 Emissions, and Economic Performance in German Industry," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_489, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    2. Mario Lackner & Hendrik Sonnabend, 2024. "When performance melts away: Heat causes mental errors in high-stakes competitions," Economics working papers 2024-11, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
    3. Lehr, Jakob & Rehdanz, Katrin, 2021. "The Effect of Temperature on Energy Use and CO2 Emissions in the German Industry," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242373, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O44 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Environment and Growth

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