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The Impact of Women’s Economic Empowerment on the Rise of Female Entrepreneurship in Namibia

Author

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  • Bobek Vito

    (University of Maribor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Maribor, Slovenia)

  • Schachl Andrea

    (University of Applied Sciences FH Joanneum, Austria)

  • Horvat Tatjana

    (University of Primorska, Faculty of Management, Slovenia)

Abstract

In this paper the authors investigate the importance of women’s economic empowerment and its impact on the rise of female entrepreneurship and human capital in Namibia. The research includes a case study analysis with four in-depth expert interviews. Data triangulation ensure the study’s validity, and the case was examined through pattern matching. The results demonstrate that female entrepreneurs face challenges such as access to resources and education, socio-cultural norms, a lack of social protection, and a large and unprotected informal sector. The government and institutions shall promote women’s empowerment through a direct labour market intervention, support for the informal sector, a gender-sensitive constitutional, legal, and institutional framework, the enforcement and oversight of gender-responsive laws and policies, and access to resources and education. Furthermore, women require digital inclusion, entrepreneur networks, social protection, and reformed socio-cultural norms. If female entrepreneurs are empowered adequately, they will contribute to nations’ human capital, economic growth, and development.

Suggested Citation

  • Bobek Vito & Schachl Andrea & Horvat Tatjana, 2022. "The Impact of Women’s Economic Empowerment on the Rise of Female Entrepreneurship in Namibia," Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy, Sciendo, vol. 68(4), pages 53-65, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:vrs:ngooec:v:68:y:2022:i:4:p:53-65:n:3
    DOI: 10.2478/ngoe-2022-0023
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jinyoung Kim & Jong-Wha Lee & Kwanho Shin, 2016. "The impact of gender equality policies on economic growth," CAMA Working Papers 2016-29, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    2. Taniya Ghosh & Sanika S. Ramanayake, 2021. "The macroeconomics of gender equality," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 1955-1977, April.
    3. World Bank, 2021. "Women, Business and the Law 2021 [Les Femmes, l’Entreprise et le Droit 2021]," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 35094.
    4. Michele Ruiters & Ailie Charteris, 2020. "Gender equality in labour force participation, economic growth and development in South Africa," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(6), pages 997-1011, November.
    5. Ministry of Human Resource Development, GOI, 2020. "National Education Policy 2020," Working Papers id:13106, eSocialSciences.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gender equality; Gender-responsive policies; Female entrepreneurship; Self-employed females; Human capital; Namibia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • H5 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
    • I3 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa

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