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Ensuring access, equity and quality in early childhood education in Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar: Challenges for nations in a populous economic corridor

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  • Rao, Nirmala
  • Umayahara, Mami
  • Yang, Yi
  • Ranganathan, Namita

Abstract

UN Sustainable Development Goal 4.2 specifies that countries need to ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary school education. This paper considers where Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar stand in terms SDG Target Indicator 4.2.2. National data sets were used to assess equitable access to early childhood education and policy documents were analysed to determine how countries address the quality dimension. Overall, findings indicate (i) large variations in access to early childhood education among Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar; (ii) variations in access based on family wealth; (iii) the need to enhance the quality of the data collected to measure access to early childhood education and monitor progress towards Sustainable Developmental Goal Target Indicator 4.2.2; (iv) a lack of attention to the measurement of the quality of early childhood education; and (iv) the need to address policy-implementation gaps in all four countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Rao, Nirmala & Umayahara, Mami & Yang, Yi & Ranganathan, Namita, 2021. "Ensuring access, equity and quality in early childhood education in Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar: Challenges for nations in a populous economic corridor," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:injoed:v:82:y:2021:i:c:s073805932100033x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2021.102380
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Meichen Lu & Prashant Loyalka & Yaojiang Shi & Fang Chang & Chengfang Liu & Scott Rozelle, 2019. "The impact of teacher professional development programs on student achievement in rural China: evidence from Shaanxi Province," Journal of Development Effectiveness, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 105-131, April.
    2. repec:mpr:mprres:6967 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Ministry of Human Resource Development, GOI, 2020. "National Education Policy 2020," Working Papers id:13106, eSocialSciences.
    4. Wong, Ho Lun & Luo, Renfu & Zhang, Linxiu & Rozelle, Scott, 2013. "The impact of vouchers on preschool attendance and elementary school readiness: A randomized controlled trial in rural China," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 53-65.
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    1. Chen, Shuangye & Liu, Yanlin & Yang, Jin & Yang, Yuchen & Ye, Xiaoyang, 2023. "Impacts of village preschools on student enrollment and longer-term outcomes: New evidence from the poorest regions in China," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).

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