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Measuring the Impact of Longevity Risk on Pension Systems: The Case of Italy

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  • Emilio Bisetti
  • Carlo Favero

Abstract

This article estimates the impact of longevity risk on pension systems by combining the prediction based on a Lee-Carter mortality model with the projected pension payments for different cohorts of retirees. We measure longevity risk by the difference between the upper bound of the total old-age pension expense and its mean estimate. This difference is as high as 4% of annual GDP over the period 2040–2050. The impact of longevity risk is sizeably reduced, but not fully eliminated, by the introduction of indexation of retirement age to expected life at retirement. Our evidence speaks in favor of a market for longevity risk and calls for a closer scrutiny of the potential redistributive effects of longevity risk.

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  • Emilio Bisetti & Carlo Favero, 2014. "Measuring the Impact of Longevity Risk on Pension Systems: The Case of Italy," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 87-103.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:uaajxx:v:18:y:2014:i:1:p:87-103
    DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2013.852463
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    1. Andrew Cairns & David Blake & Kevin Dowd & Guy Coughlan & David Epstein & Alen Ong & Igor Balevich, 2009. "A Quantitative Comparison of Stochastic Mortality Models Using Data From England and Wales and the United States," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 1-35.
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    3. Ignazio Visco, 2009. "Retirement saving and the payout phase: How to get there and how to get the most of it," OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, OECD Publishing, vol. 2009(1), pages 143-162.
    4. David Blake & Tom Boardman & Andrew Cairns, 2014. "Sharing Longevity Risk: Why Governments Should Issue Longevity Bonds," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(1), pages 258-277.
    5. Nicola Sartor & Laurence J. Kotlikoff & Willi Leibfritz, 1999. "Generational Accounts for Italy," NBER Chapters, in: Generational Accounting around the World, pages 299-324, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Andrew J. G. Cairns & David Blake & Kevin Dowd, 2006. "A Two‐Factor Model for Stochastic Mortality with Parameter Uncertainty: Theory and Calibration," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 73(4), pages 687-718, December.
    7. Vladimir Canudas-Romo, 2008. "The modal age at death and the shifting mortality hypothesis," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 19(30), pages 1179-1204.
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    Cited by:

    1. Blake, David & Cairns, Andrew J.G., 2021. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2019-20 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 395-439.
    2. Blake, David & El Karoui, Nicole & Loisel, Stéphane & MacMinn, Richard, 2018. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2015–16 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 157-173.
    3. R. Melis & A. Trudda, 2014. "Mixed pension systems sustainability," Working Paper CRENoS 201413, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
    4. Mariarosaria Coppola & Maria Russolillo & Rosaria Simone, 2019. "An Indexation Mechanism for Retirement Age: Analysis of the Gender Gap," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-13, February.
    5. Helena Chuliá & Montserrat Guillén & Jorge M. Uribe, 2015. "Mortality and Longevity Risks in the United Kingdom: Dynamic Factor Models and Copula-Functions," Working Papers 2015-03, Universitat de Barcelona, UB Riskcenter.
    6. Séverine Arnold & Anca Jijiie, 2020. "Retirement Ages by Socio-Economic Class," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-40, October.
    7. Leng, Xuan & Peng, Liang, 2016. "Inference pitfalls in Lee–Carter model for forecasting mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 58-65.
    8. Lorenzo Fratoni & Susanna Levantesi & Massimiliano Menzietti, 2022. "Measuring Financial Sustainability and Social Adequacy of the Italian NDC Pension System under the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-23, December.
    9. Samuel Asante Gyamerah & Janet Arthur & Saviour Worlanyo Akuamoah & Yethu Sithole, 2023. "Measurement and Impact of Longevity Risk in Portfolios of Pension Annuity: The Case in Sub Saharan Africa," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-20, January.
    10. Benedetta Frassi & Fabio Pammolli & Luca Regis, 2017. "The potential costs of Longevity Risk on Public Pensions. Evidence from Italian data," Working Papers 01/2017, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, revised Jan 2017.
    11. Anca-Stefania Jijiie & Jennifer Alonso Garcia & Séverine Arnold (-Gaille), 2019. "Mortality by socio-economic class and its impact on the retirement schemes: How to render the systems fairer?," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/300032, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination

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