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Meta-analysis of the relationships between space syntax measures and pedestrian movement

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  • Samia Sharmin
  • Md. Kamruzzaman

Abstract

Ample research has been conducted investigating the built environment impacts on pedestrian movement (PM). A clear division is also evident in the literature on this topic: one group tends to use geographic measures (metric distance) of the environment to explain pedestrian behaviour; the other group uses syntactic measures (visual distance). Many review articles have been published on the former. However, relatively little is known about the effect size (ES), directions, and consistency of syntactic measures in explaining PM. This paper fills this gap through a meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies on this topic spanning over 1975–2016, and answers the following five research questions: (a) What are the different measures used in the space syntax literature to explain PM?; (b) What are the magnitudes and directions of associations between space syntax measures and PM?; (c) Which space syntax measure has a more consistent relationship with PM?; (d) To what extent do the explanatory powers of different measures vary between their derivation methods?; and (e) What are the likely causes of variations of the reported results in prior studies? This research examined four syntactic measures (integration, connectivity, choice, and control) in a random effect model with 95% confidence interval (CI). The choice and integration measures were further investigated based on their operational approaches (topological, angular and metric). Results show that integration (ES = 0.206, 95% CI = 0.173–0.238, p < 0.001), choice (ES = 0.481, 95% CI = 0.391–0.561, p < 0.001), and connectivity (ES = 0.305, 95% CI = −0.225–0.696, p = 0.257) measures positively influence PM with choice being the strongest predictor. Both connectivity and control (ES = −0.001, 95% CI = −0.117–0.115, p = 0.990) were found to have a statistically insignificant impact. The choice and integration measures show stronger effects when derived using the angular approach (ES = 0.493 for choice, and ES = 0.502 for integration) compared to topological approach (ES = 0.374 for choice, and ES = 0.124 for integration). However, the reported results of all measures are highly heterogeneous, perhaps due to the differences in research design. The significance, magnitude, and consistency of integration and choice measures justify their relevance in built environment interventions to promote PM.

Suggested Citation

  • Samia Sharmin & Md. Kamruzzaman, 2018. "Meta-analysis of the relationships between space syntax measures and pedestrian movement," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(4), pages 524-550, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:transr:v:38:y:2018:i:4:p:524-550
    DOI: 10.1080/01441647.2017.1365101
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    1. Mona Jabbari & Fernando Fonseca & Rui Ramos, 2021. "Accessibility and Connectivity Criteria for Assessing Walkability: An Application in Qazvin, Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Lamprecht Mariusz, 2022. "Space syntax as a socio-economic approach: a review of potentials in the polish context," Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development, Sciendo, vol. 26(1), pages 5-14, January.
    3. Dorsa Alipour & Hussein Dia, 2023. "A Systematic Review of the Role of Land Use, Transport, and Energy-Environment Integration in Shaping Sustainable Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-29, April.
    4. Lingjun Tang & Yu Lin & Sijia Li & Sheng Li & Jingyi Li & Fu Ren & Chao Wu, 2018. "Exploring the Influence of Urban Form on Urban Vibrancy in Shenzhen Based on Mobile Phone Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-21, December.
    5. Pedro Reyes-Norambuena & Javier Martinez-Torres & Alireza Nemati & Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani & Jurgita Antucheviciene, 2024. "Towards Sustainable Urban Futures: Integrating a Novel Grey Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for Optimal Pedestrian Walkway Site Selection," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-24, May.
    6. Isabelle Soares & Claudia Yamu & Gerd Weitkamp, 2020. "The Relationship between the Spatial Configuration and the Fourth Sustainable Dimension Creativity in University Campuses: The Case Study of Zernike Campus, Groningen, The Netherlands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, November.
    7. Aston, Laura & Currie, Graham & Kamruzzaman, Md. & Delbosc, Alexa & Teller, David, 2020. "Study design impacts on built environment and transit use research," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    8. Nir Kaplan & Itzhak Omer, 2022. "Multiscale Accessibility—A New Perspective of Space Structuration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    9. Avital Angel & Achituv Cohen & Sagi Dalyot & Pnina Plaut, 2023. "Impact of COVID-19 policies on pedestrian traffic and walking patterns," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(5), pages 1178-1193, June.
    10. Xuefeng Ma & Jiaxin Tan & Jiekuan Zhang, 2022. "Spatial–Temporal Correlation between the Tourist Hotel Industry and Town Spatial Morphology: The Case of Phoenix Ancient Town, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-13, August.
    11. Yeh, Anthony Gar-On & Zhong, Teng, 2021. "Polygonization method for automatic generation of indoor and outdoor pedestrian navigation path for smart city," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    12. Lingzhu Zhang & Alain JF Chiaradia, 2022. "Walking in the cities without ground, how 3d complex network volumetrics improve analysis," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 49(7), pages 1857-1874, September.
    13. Mina Safizadeh & Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali & Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki & Aldrin Abdullah, 2024. "Assessing the morphological distribution of urban green spaces for the future sustainable greenery planning: a case study of Penang, Malaysia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(5), pages 11243-11262, May.
    14. Shatu, Farjana & Yigitcanlar, Tan & Bunker, Jonathan, 2019. "Shortest path distance vs. least directional change: Empirical testing of space syntax and geographic theories concerning pedestrian route choice behaviour," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 37-52.
    15. Renata Walczak & Krzysztof Koszewski & Robert Olszewski & Krzysztof Ejsmont & Anikó Kálmán, 2023. "Acceptance of IoT Edge-Computing-Based Sensors in Smart Cities for Universal Design Purposes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, January.
    16. Sugie Lee & Chisun Yoo & Kyung Wook Seo, 2020. "Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-15, October.
    17. Zhongshan Huang & Bin Wang & Shixian Luo & Manqi Wang & Jingjing Miao & Qiyue Jia, 2024. "Integrating Streetscape Images, Machine Learning, and Space Syntax to Enhance Walkability: A Case Study of Seongbuk District, Seoul," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, September.
    18. Shatu, Farjana & Yigitcanlar, Tan & Bunker, Jonathan, 2019. "Objective vs. subjective measures of street environments in pedestrian route choice behaviour: Discrepancy and correlates of non-concordance," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 1-23.
    19. Xin Li & Yongsheng Qian & Junwei Zeng & Xuting Wei & Xiaoping Guang, 2021. "The Influence of Strip-City Street Network Structure on Spatial Vitality: Case Studies in Lanzhou, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, October.
    20. Kimon Krenz & Ashley Dhanani & Rosemary R. C. McEachan & Kuldeep Sohal & John Wright & Laura Vaughan, 2023. "Linking the Urban Environment and Health: An Innovative Methodology for Measuring Individual-Level Environmental Exposures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-22, January.
    21. Sharmin, Samia & Kamruzzaman, Md. & Haque, Md Mazharul, 2020. "The impact of topological properties of built environment on children independent mobility: A comparative study between discretionary vs. nondiscretionary trips in Dhaka," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).

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