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The Benefits of Bagging for Forecast Models of Realized Volatility

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  • Eric Hillebrand
  • Marcelo Medeiros

Abstract

This article shows that bagging can improve the forecast accuracy of time series models for realized volatility. We consider 23 stocks from the Dow Jones Industrial Average over the sample period 1995 to 2005 and employ two different forecast models, a log-linear specification in the spirit of the heterogeneous autoregressive model and a nonlinear specification with logistic transitions. Both forecast model types benefit from bagging, in particular in the 1990s part of our sample. The log-linear specification shows larger improvements than the nonlinear model. Bagging the log-linear model yields the highest forecast accuracy on our sample.

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  • Eric Hillebrand & Marcelo Medeiros, 2010. "The Benefits of Bagging for Forecast Models of Realized Volatility," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(5-6), pages 571-593.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:emetrv:v:29:y:2010:i:5-6:p:571-593
    DOI: 10.1080/07474938.2010.481554
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scharth, Marcel & Medeiros, Marcelo C., 2009. "Asymmetric effects and long memory in the volatility of Dow Jones stocks," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 304-327.
    2. Lutz Kilian & Atsushi Inoue, 2004. "Bagging Time Series Models," Econometric Society 2004 North American Summer Meetings 110, Econometric Society.
    3. Fernandes, Marcelo & Medeiros, Marcelo C. & Scharth, Marcel, 2014. "Modeling and predicting the CBOE market volatility index," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-10.
    4. Martin Martens & Dick van Dijk & Michiel de Pooter, 2004. "Modeling and Forecasting S&P 500 Volatility: Long Memory, Structural Breaks and Nonlinearity," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 04-067/4, Tinbergen Institute.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Hillebrand, Eric & Lukas, Manuel & Wei, Wei, 2021. "Bagging weak predictors," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 237-254.
    2. Kim Christensen & Mathias Siggaard & Bezirgen Veliyev, 2023. "A Machine Learning Approach to Volatility Forecasting," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 21(5), pages 1680-1727.
    3. Heejoon Han & Myung D. Park & Shen Zhang, 2015. "A Multiplicative Error Model with Heterogeneous Components for Forecasting Realized Volatility," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 209-219, April.
    4. Lyu, Zhichong & Ma, Feng & Zhang, Jixiang, 2023. "Oil futures volatility prediction: Bagging or combination?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 457-467.
    5. Huiyu Huang & Tae-Hwy Lee, 2013. "Forecasting Value-at-Risk Using High-Frequency Information," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-14, June.
    6. Hwang, Eunju & Shin, Dong Wan, 2014. "Infinite-order, long-memory heterogeneous autoregressive models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 339-358.
    7. Michael McAleer & Marcelo C. Medeiros, 2009. "Forecasting Realized Volatility with Linear and Nonlinear Models," CARF F-Series CARF-F-189, Center for Advanced Research in Finance, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo.
    8. Fernandes, Marcelo & Medeiros, Marcelo C. & Scharth, Marcel, 2014. "Modeling and predicting the CBOE market volatility index," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-10.
    9. Audrino, Francesco & Corsi, Fulvio, 2010. "Modeling tick-by-tick realized correlations," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 54(11), pages 2372-2382, November.
    10. Petropoulos, Fotios & Apiletti, Daniele & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios & Babai, Mohamed Zied & Barrow, Devon K. & Ben Taieb, Souhaib & Bergmeir, Christoph & Bessa, Ricardo J. & Bijak, Jakub & Boylan, Joh, 2022. "Forecasting: theory and practice," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 705-871.
      • Fotios Petropoulos & Daniele Apiletti & Vassilios Assimakopoulos & Mohamed Zied Babai & Devon K. Barrow & Souhaib Ben Taieb & Christoph Bergmeir & Ricardo J. Bessa & Jakub Bijak & John E. Boylan & Jet, 2020. "Forecasting: theory and practice," Papers 2012.03854, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    11. Ricardo P. Masini & Marcelo C. Medeiros & Eduardo F. Mendes, 2023. "Machine learning advances for time series forecasting," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 76-111, February.
    12. de Oliveira, Erick Meira & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz, 2018. "Forecasting mid-long term electric energy consumption through bagging ARIMA and exponential smoothing methods," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 776-788.
    13. Philippe Goulet Coulombe, 2021. "The Macroeconomy as a Random Forest," Working Papers 21-05, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management.
    14. Siem Jan Koopman & Marcel Scharth, 2012. "The Analysis of Stochastic Volatility in the Presence of Daily Realized Measures," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 11(1), pages 76-115, December.
    15. Natei Ermias Benti & Mesfin Diro Chaka & Addisu Gezahegn Semie, 2023. "Forecasting Renewable Energy Generation with Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Current Advances and Future Prospects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-33, April.
    16. Barrow, Devon K. & Crone, Sven F., 2016. "A comparison of AdaBoost algorithms for time series forecast combination," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 1103-1119.
    17. Philippe Goulet Coulombe, 2021. "To Bag is to Prune," Working Papers 21-03, Chair in macroeconomics and forecasting, University of Quebec in Montreal's School of Management, revised Jun 2021.
    18. Barrow, Devon K. & Crone, Sven F., 2016. "Cross-validation aggregation for combining autoregressive neural network forecasts," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 1120-1137.
    19. Dantas, Tiago Mendes & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz & Varela Repolho, Hugo Miguel, 2017. "Air transportation demand forecast through Bagging Holt Winters methods," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 116-123.
    20. Dantas, Tiago Mendes & Cyrino Oliveira, Fernando Luiz, 2018. "Improving time series forecasting: An approach combining bootstrap aggregation, clusters and exponential smoothing," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 748-761.
    21. Yang, Ke & Tian, Fengping & Chen, Langnan & Li, Steven, 2017. "Realized volatility forecast of agricultural futures using the HAR models with bagging and combination approaches," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 276-291.
    22. Stoupos, Nikolaos & Kiohos, Apostolos, 2021. "Energy commodities and advanced stock markets: A post-crisis approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    23. Ding, Yi & Kambouroudis, Dimos & McMillan, David G., 2021. "Forecasting realised volatility: Does the LASSO approach outperform HAR?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    24. Luo, Qin & Bu, Jinfeng & Xu, Weiju & Huang, Dengshi, 2023. "Stock market volatility prediction: Evidence from a new bagging model," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 445-456.

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