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Opportunity Cost Of Defense: An Evaluation In The Case Of France

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  • Julien Malizard

Abstract

The aim of this article is to explore the defense--growth relationship in France. In particular, in the context of the crisis, we would like to compare the effects of military and nonmilitary spending on growth. Our results reveal that this is a complex relationship with a bidirectional causality. In the long run, defense expenditure exerts a positive influence and outperforms the impact of nondefense expenditure. However, an opportunity cost arises in the short run.

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  • Julien Malizard, 2013. "Opportunity Cost Of Defense: An Evaluation In The Case Of France," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 247-259, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:defpea:v:24:y:2013:i:3:p:247-259
    DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2012.692056
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    1. Stephen Martin & Ron Smith & Jacques Fontanel & H. Haan, 1987. "Time-series Estimates of the Macroeconomic Impact of Defence Spending in France and the UK," International Economic Association Series, in: Christian Schmidt & Frank Blackaby (ed.), Peace, Defence and Economic Analysis, chapter 16, pages 342-362, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Ron Smith, 2009. "Power and Money," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Military Economics, chapter 2, pages 19-53, Palgrave Macmillan.
    3. Ram, Rati, 1995. "Defense expenditure and economic growth," Handbook of Defense Economics, in: Keith Hartley & Todd Sandler (ed.), Handbook of Defense Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 10, pages 251-274, Elsevier.
    4. Fanny Coulomb & Jacques Fontanel, 2005. "An economic interpretation of French military expenditures," Post-Print hal-02045742, HAL.
    5. Sandler,Todd & Hartley,Keith, 1995. "The Economics of Defense," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521447287, January.
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    1. Malizard, Julien, 2015. "Does military expenditure crowd out private investment? A disaggregated perspective for the case of France," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 44-52.
    2. Knobel, Alexander (Кнобель, Александр) & Chokaev, Bekhan (Чокаев, Бекхан) & Mironov, Alexey (Миронов, Алексей), 2015. "Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Public Spending in the Field of National Defense and Law Enforcement [Сравнительный Анализ Эффективности Госрасходов В Сфере Национальной Обороны И Прав," Published Papers mn47, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    3. Alessandra Cepparulo & Paolo Pasimeni, 2024. "Defence Spending in the European Union," European Economy - Discussion Papers 199, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission.
    4. Julien Malizard, 2014. "Defense Spending and Unemployment in France," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(6), pages 635-642, December.
    5. Bragoudakis Zacharias G. & Zombanakis George A., 2017. "Earning a Peace Dividend in a Crisis Environment: The Greek Case," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(3), pages 1-15, August.
    6. Jacques Fontanel, 2017. "Le sentiment de sécurité par le recours dissuasif des armes dissuasion militaire," Post-Print hal-03172334, HAL.

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