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Canada and the United States: Different roots, different routes to financial sector regulation

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  • Donald Brean
  • Lawrence Kryzanowski
  • Gordon Roberts

Abstract

This paper explores the lessons to be learned from why the neighbouring banking systems of Canada and the United States, that share numerous commonalities, fared so differently during two major financial crises. The explanations are deeply rooted in different tolerances for industry concentration and state involvement, and the divergent routes of the development of their financial systems, founding institutions, on-going governance and regulation, and competitive structures. Canada's success during the more recent 2007-09 financial crisis is attributed to more effective regulation and conservative banking practices, including (self-) imposed stricter limits on bank leverage, much stricter limits on unconventional mortgages, and less reliance on the use of more 'creative' investment types (e.g. subprime lending) and structured products.

Suggested Citation

  • Donald Brean & Lawrence Kryzanowski & Gordon Roberts, 2011. "Canada and the United States: Different roots, different routes to financial sector regulation," Business History, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(2), pages 249-269.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:bushst:v:53:y:2011:i:2:p:249-269
    DOI: 10.1080/00076791.2011.555109
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Edward Kane, 2010. "The Importance of Monitoring and Mitigating the Safety-Net Consequences of Regulation-Induced Innovation," Review of Social Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 68(2), pages 145-161.
    2. Michael D. Bordo, 2008. "An Historical Perspective on the Crisis of 2007-2008," NBER Working Papers 14569, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Rocco Huang & Mr. Lev Ratnovski, 2009. "Why Are Canadian Banks More Resilient?," IMF Working Papers 2009/152, International Monetary Fund.
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    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/153e5es3a8988omf0qkf000ql2 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Johnathon Cziffra & Steve Fortin & Zvi Singer, 2023. "Differences in government accounting conservatism across jurisdictions, their determinants, and consequences: the case of Canada and the United States," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 1035-1073, June.
    3. Beyhaghi, Mehdi & D’Souza, Chris & Roberts, Gordon S., 2014. "Funding advantage and market discipline in the Canadian banking sector," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 396-410.
    4. Sue Konzelmann & Marc Fovargue-Davies & Gerhard Schnyder, 2012. "The faces of liberal capitalism: Anglo-Saxon banking systems in crisis?," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 36(2), pages 495-524.
    5. Konzelmann, S. & Fovargue-Davies, M., 2011. "Anglo-Saxon Capitalism in Crisis? Models of Liberal Capitalism and the Preconditions for Financial Stability," Working Papers wp422, Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge.
    6. Dombi, Akos & Grigoriadis, Theocharis & Zhu, Junbing, 2020. "Antiquity and capitalism: The finance-growth perspective," Discussion Papers 2020/9, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    7. Di Johnson & John Rodwell & Thomas Hendry, 2021. "Analyzing the Impacts of Financial Services Regulation to Make the Case That Buy-Now-Pay-Later Regulation Is Failing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    8. Ayadi, Mohamed A. & Kryzanowski, Lawrence & Mohebshahedin, Mahmood, 2018. "Impact of sponsorship on fixed-income fund performance," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 121-137.
    9. Marie-Laure Djelic & Joel Bothello, 2013. "Limited liability and its moral hazard implications: the systemic inscription of instability in contemporary capitalism," Post-Print hal-01891963, HAL.
    10. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/153e5es3a8988omf0qkf000ql2 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Michael D. Bordo & Angela Redish & Hugh Rockoff, 2015. "Why didn't Canada have a banking crisis in 2008 (or in 1930, or 1907, or …)?," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 68(1), pages 218-243, February.

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