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Reconsidering the adjustment costs of the Europe agreements

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  • Y. Kandogan

Abstract

The paper argues that vertical intra-industry trade (IIT) should be separated from horizontal IIT to have a better judgement about adjustment costs of a trade liberalization, contrary to the assumption in the literature that all IIT changes are costless. A simple method to decompose IIT is presented. Using this method, it is seen that, contrary to expectations, after the Europe Agreements, share of vertical IIT has not increased much between Germany and Central and Eastern European countries. However, when adjustment costs are analysed, it is seen that the resulting labour displacement has been substantial, explaining partly the EU's reluctant approach in these agreements.

Suggested Citation

  • Y. Kandogan, 2003. "Reconsidering the adjustment costs of the Europe agreements," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 63-68.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:apeclt:v:10:y:2003:i:2:p:63-68
    DOI: 10.1080/13504850210138478
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    1. Djankov, Simeon & Hoekman, Bernard, 1996. "Intra-Industry Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and the Reorientation of East European Exports," CEPR Discussion Papers 1377, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Hoekman, Bernard & Djankov, Simeon, 1996. "Intra-industry trade, foreign direct investment, and the reorientation of Eastern European exports," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1652, The World Bank.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lorena Skufliæ, 2005. "The integration process as a determinant of intra-industry trade," ERSA conference papers ersa05p715, European Regional Science Association.
    2. Asier Minondo & Gloria Rubert, 2006. "The effect of outsourcing on the demand for skills in the Spanish manufacturing industry," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(9), pages 599-604.
    3. Yener Kandogan, 2003. "The Reorientation of Transition Countries??? Exports: Changes in Quantity, Quality and Variety," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2003-631, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    4. Levkovych, Inna, 2011. "Der ukrainische Außenhandel mit Produkten der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft: Eine quantitative Analyse aus Sicht traditioneller und neuer Außenhandelstheorien," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 59, number 109520.
    5. Matteo Aepli, 2011. "Intra-industrieller Handel und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Schweizer Nahrungsmittelindustrie," Journal of Socio-Economics in Agriculture (Until 2015: Yearbook of Socioeconomics in Agriculture), Swiss Society for Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, vol. 4(1), pages 245-267.
    6. Fertő, Imre, 2006. "A társulási szerződés alkalmazkodási költségei a magyar élelmiszeriparban [The adjustment cost of the Association Agreement in the Hungarian food industry]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(9), pages 799-811.
    7. Imre Ferto & Károly Attila Soos, 2008. "Marginal Intra-Industry Trade and Adjustment Costs - A Hungarian-Polish Comparison," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 0815, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    8. Kandogan, Yener, 2009. "A Gravity Model for Components of Imports," Review of Applied Economics, Lincoln University, Department of Financial and Business Systems, vol. 5(1-2), pages 1-17, April.
    9. Kandogan, Yener, 2003. "Intra-industry trade of transition countries: trends and determinants," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 4(3), pages 273-286, September.
    10. Veronika CHALA, 2015. "The peculiarities of trade specialization in creative industries in the Central and Eastern European countries," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 6, pages 91-109, June.
    11. Ferto, Imre, 2006. "Reconsidering Adjustment Costs of the Association Agreement. The Case of Hungarian Food Industry," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21037, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    12. Yener Kandogan, 2003. "Intra-industry Trade of Transition Countries: Trends and Determinants," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2003-566, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.
    13. Imre Ferto, 2009. "Labour Market Adjustment and Intra‐Industry Trade: The Effects of Association on the Hungarian Food Industry," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 668-681, September.
    14. Nasser Al-Mawali, 2005. "Bilateral intra-industry trade flows and intellectual property rights protection: first empirical evidence," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(13), pages 823-828.
    15. Yener Kandogan, 2003. "TDoes Product Differentiation Explain The Increase in Exports of Transition Countries?," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series 2003-599, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan.

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