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Optimal Sizing of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks for Domestic Use in Greece

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  • P. Londra
  • A. Theocharis
  • E. Baltas
  • V. Tsihrintzis

Abstract

Rainwater harvesting gains more and more ground as a modern, relatively inexpensive and simple water-saving technology, and as a sustainable water management practice, which saves water, and reduces stormwater runoff and peaks and non-point source pollution. In this paper, in order to determine the optimal size of rainwater harvesting tanks, two methods, the daily water balance method and the dry period demand method, are used in 75 regions of Greece to meet 30, 40 and 50 % of total water demands of households of 3 to 5 residents. The daily water balance method was developed based on a heuristic algorithm which uses the daily rainfall data, the rainfall collection area, the runoff coefficient, the available storage volume and the water demands, allowing excess water to overflow and setting public water supply to zero. The dry period demand method is based on meeting demand for the longest annual average dry period. According to the daily water balance method, in the majority of the 75 regions studied, tank sizes up to 50 m 3 can meet a 240 L/day demand (40 % of total daily demand of 4 residents) with roof area not exceeding 300 m 2 . More than 50 m 3 tank size is needed to meet demands of 300 L/day (40 % of 5 or 50 % of 4 residents) or 375 L/day (50 % of 5 residents). Results demonstrate that the tank size is strongly affected by the dry period length; small dry periods lead to small tanks, with the exception of low rainfall-high demand (300–375 L/day) case, where low rainfall increases sizes, having the dominant role. Comparison among the dry period demand and the daily water balance methods showed that in all cases, the dry period demand method calculates smaller tanks, with the exception of areas with medium-high rainfall and high dry period or low-medium demand (135–225 L/day) and high roof areas (more than 300 m 2 ). Therefore, the main conclusion is that the rainwater harvesting tank capacity is strongly affected by various local variables and cannot be formulated. However, the method presented here can be programmed in a spreadsheet with no much effort, making harvesting tank computations easy. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • P. Londra & A. Theocharis & E. Baltas & V. Tsihrintzis, 2015. "Optimal Sizing of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks for Domestic Use in Greece," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(12), pages 4357-4377, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:29:y:2015:i:12:p:4357-4377
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-015-1064-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Xingqi Zhang & Maochuan Hu, 2014. "Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting in Runoff Volume Reduction in a Planned Industrial Park, China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(3), pages 671-682, February.
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    2. Yan-Zhao Jin & Lu-Wen Zhou & Kwong Fai Andrew Lo, 2018. "Optimum Matching Model Using Long-Term Computing on Safer Rural Domestic Water Supply Based on Rainwater Harvesting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Elissavet Feloni & Panagiotis T. Nastos, 2024. "Evaluating Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Water Scarcity Mitigation in Small Greek Islands under Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Moniruzzaman, Muhammad & Imteaz, Monzur A., 2017. "Generalized equations, climatic and spatial variabilities of potential rainwater savings: A case study for Sydney," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 139-156.
    5. Amjad Khan & Yoonkyung Park & Jongpyo Park & Reeho Kim, 2022. "Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Facilities Tank Size Based on a Daily Water Balance Model: The Case of Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    6. Xueer Jing & Shouhong Zhang & Jianjun Zhang & Yujie Wang & Yunqi Wang & Tongjia Yue, 2018. "Analysis and Modelling of Stormwater Volume Control Performance of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Four Climatic Zones of China," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(8), pages 2649-2664, June.

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