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Generalized equations, climatic and spatial variabilities of potential rainwater savings: A case study for Sydney

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  • Moniruzzaman, Muhammad
  • Imteaz, Monzur A.

Abstract

Optimised harvesting of rainwater has been a challenge as the reliability of this water supply depends on many factors i.e. rainfall amount, tank size, roof area and rainwater demand. Various studies have been done in this context considering water usages, rainfall & roof area; and different methods were proposed to maximise the water supply reliability for an optimum rainwater tank. Among the analysis methods, a daily water balance method is the most acceptable and reasonably accurate, although, general end-users hardly can interpret outcomes of these analyses. This paper presents relationships of expected water savings under different climatic conditions for specific tank sizes with two major contributing factors; demand and roof area for an Australian city, Sydney. Expected annual water savings were calculated for different combinations of tank size, roof area and demand using an earlier developed daily water balance model, eTank. For a given tank size expected water savings for different roof areas and demands are presented in the form of charts for a user-friendly presentation to the end-users. Also, produced charts for a particular climatic condition were converted to a generalized equation having independent variables of roof area, tank size and demand to facilitate quick calculations through apps or computer. For the validity check of the developed equations, results from the equations were compared with the eTank simulated results and it is found that the results from the generalized equations are very close to the eTank produced results. To present spatial variability, similar charts and equations were produced for four different regions of Sydney.

Suggested Citation

  • Moniruzzaman, Muhammad & Imteaz, Monzur A., 2017. "Generalized equations, climatic and spatial variabilities of potential rainwater savings: A case study for Sydney," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 139-156.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:125:y:2017:i:c:p:139-156
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.06.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Rahman, Ataur & Ahsan, Amimul, 2012. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks: A comparison between South-East and Central Melbourne," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 1-7.
    2. Okoye, Chiemeka Onyeka & Solyalı, Oğuz & Akıntuğ, Bertuğ, 2015. "Optimal sizing of storage tanks in domestic rainwater harvesting systems: A linear programming approach," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA), pages 131-140.
    3. Karim, Md. Rezaul & Bashar, Mohammad Zobair Ibne & Imteaz, Monzur Alam, 2015. "Reliability and economic analysis of urban rainwater harvesting in a megacity in Bangladesh," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 104(PA), pages 61-67.
    4. P. Londra & A. Theocharis & E. Baltas & V. Tsihrintzis, 2015. "Optimal Sizing of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks for Domestic Use in Greece," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(12), pages 4357-4377, September.
    5. Goel, A.K. & Kumar, R., 2005. "Economic analysis of water harvesting in a mountainous watershed in India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 257-266, February.
    6. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Ahsan, Amimul & Shanableh, Abdallah, 2013. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks using daily water balance model: Variations within a large city," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 37-43.
    7. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Ahsan, Amimul & Naser, Jamal & Rahman, Ataur, 2011. "Reliability analysis of rainwater tanks in Melbourne using daily water balance model," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 56(1), pages 80-86.
    8. Imteaz, Monzur Alam & Shanableh, Abdallah & Rahman, Ataur & Ahsan, Amimul, 2011. "Optimisation of rainwater tank design from large roofs: A case study in Melbourne, Australia," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 55(11), pages 1022-1029.
    9. C. Matos & I. Bentes & C. Santos & M. Imteaz & S. Pereira, 2015. "Economic Analysis of a Rainwater Harvesting System in a Commercial Building," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(11), pages 3971-3986, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Słyś & Agnieszka Stec, 2020. "Centralized or Decentralized Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Case Study," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Yi Li & Wenjun Xu & Wenlong Zhang & Youyi Huang & Fenfen Wan & Wei Xiong, 2023. "The Life cycle Assessment Integrated with the Lexicographic Method for the Multi-Objective Optimization of Community-Based Rainwater Utilization," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Amjad Khan & Yoonkyung Park & Jongpyo Park & Inkyeong Sim & Reeho Kim, 2024. "Assessment of Stormwater Harvesting Potential: The Case Study of South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Monzur A. Imteaz & Iqbal Hossain, 2023. "Climate Change Impacts on ‘Seasonality Index’ and its Potential Implications on Rainwater Savings," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 37(6), pages 2593-2606, May.

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