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River Discharges Forecasting In Northern Iraq Using Different ANN Techniques

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  • Taymoor Awchi

Abstract

The Upper and Lower Zab Rivers are two of main and most important tributaries of Tigris River in Northern Iraq region. They supply Tigris River with more than 40 % of its yield. The forecasting of flows for these rivers is very important in operation of the existing Dokan Dam on the Lower Zab River and the proposed Bakhma Dam on the Upper Zab River for flood mitigation and also in drought periods. Three types of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are investigated and evaluated for flow forecasting of both rivers. The ANN techniques are the feedforward neural networks (FFNN), generalized regression neural networks (GRNN), and the radial basis function neural networks (RBF). The networks’ performance varied with different cases involved in the study; however, the FFNN was almost better than other networks. The effect of including a time index within the inputs of the networks is investigated. In addition, the ANNs’ performance is investigated in forecasting the high and low peaks and in forecasting river flows using the data of the other river. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

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  • Taymoor Awchi, 2014. "River Discharges Forecasting In Northern Iraq Using Different ANN Techniques," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(3), pages 801-814, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:28:y:2014:i:3:p:801-814
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-014-0516-3
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    3. Jaydip Makwana & Mukesh Tiwari, 2014. "Intermittent Streamflow Forecasting and Extreme Event Modelling using Wavelet based Artificial Neural Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(13), pages 4857-4873, October.
    4. Mustafa Turan & Mehmet Yurdusev, 2014. "Predicting Monthly River Flows by Genetic Fuzzy Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(13), pages 4685-4697, October.
    5. Ali Suliman & Milad Jajarmizadeh & Sobri Harun & Intan Mat Darus, 2015. "Comparison of Semi-Distributed, GIS-Based Hydrological Models for the Prediction of Streamflow in a Large Catchment," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(9), pages 3095-3110, July.
    6. Anas Mahmood Al-Juboori, 2021. "A Hybrid Model to Predict Monthly Streamflow Using Neighboring Rivers Annual Flows," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(2), pages 729-743, January.
    7. Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Minglei Fu & Chen Wang & Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar & Ravinesh C. Deo & Ahmed El-shafie, 2018. "Application of the Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Coupled with Rolling Mechanism and Grey Model Algorithms for Streamflow Forecasting Over Multiple Time Horizons," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(5), pages 1883-1899, March.
    8. Ozgur Kisi, 2015. "Streamflow Forecasting and Estimation Using Least Square Support Vector Regression and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Embedded Fuzzy c-means Clustering," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(14), pages 5109-5127, November.
    9. Chih-Chiang Wei & Nien-Sheng Hsu & Chien-Lin Huang, 2016. "Rainfall-Runoff Prediction Using Dynamic Typhoon Information and Surface Weather Characteristic Considering Monsoon Effects," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(2), pages 877-895, January.
    10. Marijana Hadzima-Nyarko & Anamarija Rabi & Marija Šperac, 2014. "Implementation of Artificial Neural Networks in Modeling the Water-Air Temperature Relationship of the River Drava," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(5), pages 1379-1394, March.
    11. Yuan Yao & Zhenghua Gu & Yun Li & Hao Ding & Tinghui Wang, 2022. "Intelligent Simulation of Water Temperature Stratification in the Reservoir," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-13, October.
    12. Mohammad Babaei & Ramtin Moeini & Eghbal Ehsanzadeh, 2019. "Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine Models for Inflow Prediction of Dam Reservoir (Case Study: Zayandehroud Dam Reservoir)," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(6), pages 2203-2218, April.
    13. Rana Muhammad Adnan & Xiaohui Yuan & Ozgur Kisi & Muhammad Adnan & Asif Mehmood, 2018. "Stream Flow Forecasting of Poorly Gauged Mountainous Watershed by Least Square Support Vector Machine, Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm and M5 Model Tree Using Climatic Data from Nearby Station," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(14), pages 4469-4486, November.
    14. Ervin Shan Khai Tiu & Yuk Feng Huang & Jing Lin Ng & Nouar AlDahoul & Ali Najah Ahmed & Ahmed Elshafie, 2022. "An evaluation of various data pre-processing techniques with machine learning models for water level prediction," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(1), pages 121-153, January.
    15. Anas Mahmood Al-Juboori, 2019. "Generating Monthly Stream Flow Using Nearest River Data: Assessing Different Trees Models," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(9), pages 3257-3270, July.
    16. Chih-Chiang Wei & Nien-Sheng Hsu & Chien-Lin Huang, 2016. "Rainfall-Runoff Prediction Using Dynamic Typhoon Information and Surface Weather Characteristic Considering Monsoon Effects," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(2), pages 877-895, January.

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