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Noniterative Implementation of Pressure-Dependent Demands Using the Hydraulic Analysis Engine of EPANET 2

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  • Nikolai Gorev
  • Inna Kodzhespirova

Abstract

To analyze water distribution networks under pressure-deficient conditions, most of the available hydraulic simulators, including EPANET 2, must be either modified by embedding pressure-dependent demands in the governing network equations or run repeatedly with successive adjustments made to specific parameters until a sufficient hydraulic consistency is obtained. This paper presents and discusses a simple technique that implements the square root relationship between the nodal demand and the nodal pressure using EPANET 2 tools and allows a water distribution network with pressure-dependent demands to be solved in a single run of the unmodified snapshot hydraulic analysis engine of EPANET 2. In this technique, artificial strings made up of a flow control valve, a pipe with a check valve, and a reservoir are connected to the demand nodes before running the engine, and the pressure-dependent demands are determined as the flows in the strings. The resistance of the artificial pipes is chosen such that the demands are satisfied in full at a desired nodal pressure. The proposed technique shows reasonable convergence as evidenced by its testing on example networks. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Nikolai Gorev & Inna Kodzhespirova, 2013. "Noniterative Implementation of Pressure-Dependent Demands Using the Hydraulic Analysis Engine of EPANET 2," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(10), pages 3623-3630, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:27:y:2013:i:10:p:3623-3630
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-013-0369-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Calvin Siew & Tiku Tanyimboh, 2012. "Pressure-Dependent EPANET Extension," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(6), pages 1477-1498, April.
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    1. Mohd Abdy Sayyed & Rajesh Gupta & Tiku Tanyimboh, 2015. "Noniterative Application of EPANET for Pressure Dependent Modelling Of Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(9), pages 3227-3242, July.
    2. P. Sivakumar & R. Prasad, 2014. "Simulation of Water Distribution Network under Pressure-Deficient Condition," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 3271-3290, August.
    3. Yungyu Chang & Gyewoon Choi & Juhwan Kim & Seongjoon Byeon, 2018. "Energy Cost Optimization for Water Distribution Networks Using Demand Pattern and Storage Facilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-19, April.
    4. D. Paez & C. R. Suribabu & Y. Filion, 2018. "Method for Extended Period Simulation of Water Distribution Networks with Pressure Driven Demands," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(8), pages 2837-2846, June.
    5. Shweta Rathi & Rajesh Gupta & Swapnil Kamble & Aabha Sargaonkar, 2016. "Risk Based Analysis for Contamination Event Selection and Optimal Sensor Placement for Intermittent Water Distribution Network Security," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(8), pages 2671-2685, June.
    6. P. Sivakumar & Nikolai B. Gorev & Rajesh Gupta & Tiku T. Tanyimboh & Inna F. Kodzhespirova & C. R. Suribabu, 2020. "Effects of Non-Zero Minimum Pressure Heads in Non-iterative Application of EPANET 2 in Pressure-Dependent Volume-Driven Analysis of Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(15), pages 5047-5059, December.
    7. Salah Saleh & Tiku T. Tanyimboh, 2016. "Multi-Directional Maximum-Entropy Approach to the Evolutionary Design Optimization of Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(6), pages 1885-1901, April.
    8. Calvin Siew & Tiku T. Tanyimboh & Alemtsehay G. Seyoum, 2016. "Penalty-Free Multi-Objective Evolutionary Approach to Optimization of Anytown Water Distribution Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(11), pages 3671-3688, September.
    9. Ram Kailash Prasad, 2021. "Identification of Critical Pipes for Water Distribution Network Rehabilitation," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(15), pages 5187-5204, December.
    10. K. S. Jinesh Babu, 2021. "Fictitious Component Free - Pressure Deficient Network Algorithm for Water Distribution Network with Variable Minimum and Required Pressure-Heads," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(8), pages 2585-2600, June.
    11. García-González, J.F. & Moreno, M.A. & Molina, J.M. & Madueño, A. & Ruiz-Canales, A., 2015. "Use of software to model the water and energy use of an irrigation pipe network on a golf course," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 37-42.
    12. Alemtsehay G. Seyoum & Tiku T. Tanyimboh, 2016. "Investigation into the Pressure-Driven Extension of the EPANET Hydraulic Simulation Model for Water Distribution Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(14), pages 5351-5367, November.

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