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Evaluation of Chlorine Decay in Drinking Water Systems for Different Flow Conditions: From Theory to Practice

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  • Helena Ramos
  • D. Loureiro
  • A. Lopes
  • C. Fernandes
  • D. Covas
  • L. Reis
  • M. Cunha

Abstract

An intensive study was developed to assess the influence of different flow conditions in the chlorine decay of drinking water systems based on a series of experiments tested on a loop pipe linked to the Lisbon water distribution system. Water samples and chlorine measurements were taken under three distinct flow conditions: (1) steady-state regimes; (2) combined flow situations—an initial steady-state period, followed by successive transient events and a new steady-state period; (3) isolated flow tests—steady-state flow regimes and transient flow regimes performed independently. All the tests were replicated for a typical range of Reynolds numbers in real water distribution systems. More specifically, pressure and velocity variations associated with hydraulic transients or water hammer conditions may degrade water quality. The series of results obtained in steady-state flow conditions confirmed the rate of chlorine decay increases with the Reynolds number and provided evidence that hydraulic transients have a slowing-down effect on chlorine decay rates. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Suggested Citation

  • Helena Ramos & D. Loureiro & A. Lopes & C. Fernandes & D. Covas & L. Reis & M. Cunha, 2010. "Evaluation of Chlorine Decay in Drinking Water Systems for Different Flow Conditions: From Theory to Practice," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(4), pages 815-834, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:24:y:2010:i:4:p:815-834
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-009-9472-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Silja Tamminen & Helena Ramos & Didia Covas, 2008. "Water Supply System Performance for Different Pipe Materials Part I: Water Quality Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 22(11), pages 1579-1607, November.
    2. Helena Ramos & Silja Tamminen & Dídia Covas, 2009. "Water Supply System Performance for Different Pipe Materials Part II: Sensitivity Analysis to Pressure Variation," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(2), pages 367-393, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Enrico Creaco & Marco Franchini & Stefano Alvisi, 2010. "Optimal Placement of Isolation Valves in Water Distribution Systems Based on Valve Cost and Weighted Average Demand Shortfall," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(15), pages 4317-4338, December.
    2. Roya Peirovi Minaee & Mehdi Mokhtari & Alireza Moghaddam & Ali Asghar Ebrahimi & Mohsen Askarishahi & Mojtaba Afsharnia, 2019. "Wall Decay Coefficient Estimation in a Real-Life Drinking Water Distribution Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 33(4), pages 1557-1569, March.
    3. Sanjeeb Mohapatra & Aabha Sargaonkar & Pawan Labhasetwar, 2014. "Distribution Network Assessment using EPANET for Intermittent and Continuous Water Supply," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(11), pages 3745-3759, September.
    4. E. Creaco & M. Franchini & S. Alvisi, 2012. "Evaluating Water Demand Shortfalls in Segment Analysis," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(8), pages 2301-2321, June.
    5. Silvia Meniconi & Bruno Brunone & Marco Ferrante & Christian Massari, 2011. "Small Amplitude Sharp Pressure Waves to Diagnose Pipe Systems," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(1), pages 79-96, January.

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