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Groundwater Protection Using Vulnerability Maps and Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA): A Case Study in Mexico

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  • Jose Expósito
  • Maria Esteller
  • Jorge Paredes
  • Celso Rico
  • Roberto Franco

Abstract

The need to protect groundwater resources against quality deterioration due to anthropogenic activities is unquestionable. The concept of aquifer pollution vulnerability maps and of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) as protection tools is not new; however, in spite of the elapsed time, their use has been increased as a result of the increase in economic development—and everything that this entails—and the increase in prohibitive costs of treating contaminated water or of the decontamination of aquifers. The study’s objective was to establish an integrated method that defines, first of all, the areas of highest vulnerability in the aquifer, and second, within these areas, the wells that most urgently need protection. To identify these wells, additional criteria were taken, such as well constructive data, pumped volume, and the region’s socioeconomic characteristics (social exclusion index). Once the wells were ranked, several of them were chosen as a pilot study to compare different methods for the delineation of WHPA based on calculated fixed radius and analytical methods and, this way, identify which method or methods best adapt to the characteristics of the study area. The Minkin analytical method proved to offer the best results since it protects well on both sides and achieves a balance in the well’s upgradient distances. It is also worth mentioning that the delimitation of the WHPAs in the study area was limited in respect to hydrogeologic and technical data. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Expósito & Maria Esteller & Jorge Paredes & Celso Rico & Roberto Franco, 2010. "Groundwater Protection Using Vulnerability Maps and Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA): A Case Study in Mexico," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(15), pages 4219-4236, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:24:y:2010:i:15:p:4219-4236
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-010-9654-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephen Foster & Ricardo Hirata & Daniel Gomes & Monica D'Elia & Marta Paris, 2002. "Groundwater Quality Protection : A Guide for Water Utilities, Municipal Authorities, and Environment Agencies," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13843.
    2. Jaco Nel & Yongxin Xu & Okke Batelaan & Luc Brendonck, 2009. "Benefit and Implementation of Groundwater Protection Zoning in South Africa," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(14), pages 2895-2911, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. A. Alvarado & M. Esteller & E. Quentin & J. Expósito, 2016. "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and GIS Approach for Prioritization of Drinking Water Utilities Protection Based on their Vulnerability to Contamination," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(4), pages 1549-1566, March.
    2. A. Alvarado & M. V. Esteller & E. Quentin & J. L. Expósito, 2016. "Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and GIS Approach for Prioritization of Drinking Water Utilities Protection Based on their Vulnerability to Contamination," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(4), pages 1549-1566, March.
    3. K. Brindha & L. Elango, 2012. "Impact of Tanning Industries on Groundwater Quality near a Metropolitan City in India," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(6), pages 1747-1761, April.

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