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Benefit and Implementation of Groundwater Protection Zoning in South Africa

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  • Jaco Nel
  • Yongxin Xu
  • Okke Batelaan
  • Luc Brendonck

Abstract

Groundwater studies in several African countries show that the contamination of water-supply aquifers is mainly due to improper placement of land-based activities such as agriculture, industries, waste disposal. In South Africa, groundwater pollution is also of increasing concern due to fast population growth and accompanying development. Groundwater protection zoning is a supplemental methodology for groundwater management that incorporates land use planning. The land is managed to minimize the potential of groundwater contamination by human activities that occur on or below the land surface. The various benefits associated with implementation of protection zoning are discussed for stakeholders such as communities, water supply companies, ecosystems and policy makers. A South African case study is presented comparing the cost of protection with the cost incurred due to the treatment of sick and dying people due to contaminated drinking water. These benefits must be communicated to the stakeholders to start the implementation at all management levels. Implementation steps of groundwater protection zones are discussed and can be tested even with low budgets and little data available. Monitoring and reassessment of protection zones are important to test the effectiveness and prove to decision makers that the money was well spent. The legal framework for implementation of groundwater protection zoning in a South African context is described, where the water law makes provision for tools like differentiated protection, licensing and recovery of cost. Challenges regarding implementation of groundwater protection are discussed with some action steps on how to move forward. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009

Suggested Citation

  • Jaco Nel & Yongxin Xu & Okke Batelaan & Luc Brendonck, 2009. "Benefit and Implementation of Groundwater Protection Zoning in South Africa," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 23(14), pages 2895-2911, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:23:y:2009:i:14:p:2895-2911
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-009-9415-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephen Foster & Ricardo Hirata & Daniel Gomes & Monica D'Elia & Marta Paris, 2002. "Groundwater Quality Protection : A Guide for Water Utilities, Municipal Authorities, and Environment Agencies," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13843.
    2. O. Escolero & L. Marin & B. Steinich & A. Pacheco & S. Cabrera & J. Alcocer, 2002. "Development of a Protection Strategy of Karst Limestone Aquifers: The Merida Yucatan, Mexico Case Study," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 16(5), pages 351-367, October.
    3. Susan L. Cutter & Bryan J. Boruff & W. Lynn Shirley, 2003. "Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 84(2), pages 242-261, June.
    4. John R. Powell & David J. Allee & Charles McClintock, 1994. "Groundwater Protection Benefits and Local Community Planning: Impact of Contingent Valuation Information," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 76(5), pages 1068-1075.
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    1. A. Fadlelmawla & Mahmoud Fayad & Hamdi El-Gamily & Tarik Rashid & Amitabha Mukhopadhyay & Vincent Kotwicki, 2011. "A Land Surface Zoning Approach Based on Three-Component Risk Criteria for Groundwater Quality Protection," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(6), pages 1677-1697, April.
    2. Matthias Walcher & Helge Bormann, 2015. "On the Transferability of the Concept of Drinking Water Protection Zones from EU to Latin American Countries," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(6), pages 1803-1822, April.
    3. Pamela Katic, 2015. "Groundwater Spatial Dynamics and Endogenous Well Location," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 29(1), pages 181-196, January.
    4. Jose Expósito & Maria Esteller & Jorge Paredes & Celso Rico & Roberto Franco, 2010. "Groundwater Protection Using Vulnerability Maps and Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA): A Case Study in Mexico," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 24(15), pages 4219-4236, December.
    5. Olawale Babatunde Olatinsu & Kayode Festus Oyedele, 2021. "Geophysical Evaluation Of Subsurface Protective Capacity And Groundwater Prospect In A Typical Sedimentary Zone, Eastern Dahomey Basin Using Electrical Resistivity Technique," Malaysian Journal of Geosciences (MJG), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 5(2), pages 85-92, November.
    6. Muhammad Haziq Khan & Raja Asim Zeb & Intikhab Alam & Ahtisham Khalid & Muhammad Faisal Younas, 2021. "Well Logs Analysis To Estimate The Parameters Of Sawan-2 And Sawan-3 Gas Field," Malaysian Journal of Geosciences (MJG), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 5(2), pages 69-75, october.
    7. Mohammad Nikoo & Najmeh Mahjouri, 2013. "Water Quality Zoning Using Probabilistic Support Vector Machines and Self-Organizing Maps," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(7), pages 2577-2594, May.
    8. Yasmin Rajkumar & Yongxin Xu, 2011. "Protection of Borehole Water Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa using Minimum Safe Distances and Zonal Protection," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(13), pages 3413-3425, October.

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