Iterative Refinement of Multi-Method OR Workshop Designs through Boundary Critique: An Analytical Framework and Case Studies in Technology Utilisation

Operations research (OR) is frequently depicted in terms of a ‘toolbox’ of pre-determined methods and techniques that should be matched to the given problem context. In practice, OR practitioners often tailor, combine and modify elements of methodologies, methods and techniques, particularly within multi-method interventions. Transparent tracking of this process of methodological evolution can generate more effective OR intervention designs and facilitate reflection on the underlying theoretical assumptions. In our study of concept development for logistic and health support operations, we apply the principles of iterative refinement to workshop designs through the use of boundary critique as the basis for analysis. In demonstrating a real-life application of such iterative refinement, we outline the evolution of a multi-method intervention design through theory–practice cycles across five creative workshops. The focus of the workshops is generation of new ideas for technology utilisation and development of comprehensive capability concepts based on these ideas. Our study results point to positive effects from reducing system boundaries associated with conventional ways of thinking, and with the introduction of boundary-expanding steps, such as individual and creative thinking techniques. We also report more successful outcomes when formulating the problem in terms of capabilities or applications, rather than in terms of specific technologies. Further application of the proposed analytical framework may open the door for creative OR workshop design across different domains through understanding and shaping of system boundaries.