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Annotation Regression for Genome-Wide Association Studies with an Application to Psychiatric Genomic Consortium Data

Author

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  • Sunyoung Shin

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Sündüz Keleş

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

Abstract

Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful at finding thousands of disease-associated genetic variants (GVs), identifying causal variants and elucidating the mechanisms by which genotypes influence phenotypes are critical open questions. A key challenge is that a large percentage of disease-associated GVs are potential regulatory variants located in noncoding regions, making them difficult to interpret. Recent research efforts focus on going beyond annotating GVs by integrating functional annotation data with GWAS to prioritize GVs. However, applicability of these approaches is challenged by high dimensionality and heterogeneity of functional annotation data. Furthermore, existing methods often assume global associations of GVs with annotation data. This strong assumption is susceptible to violations for GVs involved in many complex diseases. To address these issues, we develop a general regression framework, named Annotation Regression for GWAS (ARoG). ARoG is based on a finite mixture of linear regressions model where GWAS association measures are viewed as responses and functional annotations as predictors. This mixture framework addresses heterogeneity of effects of GVs by grouping them into clusters and high dimensionality of the functional annotations by enabling annotation selection within each cluster. ARoG further employs permutation testing to evaluate the significance of selected annotations. Computational experiments indicate that ARoG can discover distinct associations between disease risk and functional annotations. Application of ARoG to autism and schizophrenia data from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium led to identification of GVs that significantly affect interactions of several transcription factors with DNA as potential mechanisms contributing to these disorders.

Suggested Citation

  • Sunyoung Shin & Sündüz Keleş, 2017. "Annotation Regression for Genome-Wide Association Studies with an Application to Psychiatric Genomic Consortium Data," Statistics in Biosciences, Springer;International Chinese Statistical Association, vol. 9(1), pages 50-72, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:stabio:v:9:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1007_s12561-016-9154-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s12561-016-9154-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nanye Long & Samuel P Dickson & Jessica M Maia & Hee Shin Kim & Qianqian Zhu & Andrew S Allen, 2013. "Leveraging Prior Information to Detect Causal Variants via Multi-Variant Regression," PLOS Computational Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(6), pages 1-11, June.
    2. Meinshausen, Nicolai, 2007. "Relaxed Lasso," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 374-393, September.
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