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Attitudes Towards Gender Roles in Cross-Cultural Surveys: Content Validity and Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance

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  • Andreea Constantin
  • Malina Voicu

Abstract

Measuring attitudes towards gender roles in comparative research is a challenging task. This paper aims at assessing the content validity and cross-cultural measurement invariance of the scales measuring attitudes towards gender roles in two large-scale comparative surveys, the International Social Survey Program 2002 and the World Values Survey 2005. The two scales are widely used in cross-cultural studies, they complement each other in measuring the complex concept of attitudes towards gender roles, and they cover an extensive number of European and non-European countries, allowing for the assessment of measurement invariance in different cultural settings. We assess the content by confronting the items included in the two surveys with the theoretical definitions employed by the literature, and we test for the cross-cultural measurement invariance by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. According to our results, these scales are only partially valid in measuring the complex concept of attitudes towards gender roles. Moreover, the two scales are configural and metric invariant in all countries included in our analysis, but they are not scalar invariant. The two scales are suitable for testing relations between attitudes towards gender roles and other theoretically relevant concepts, but they are not useful for comparing the level of support for gender equality across countries. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

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  • Andreea Constantin & Malina Voicu, 2015. "Attitudes Towards Gender Roles in Cross-Cultural Surveys: Content Validity and Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 123(3), pages 733-751, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:123:y:2015:i:3:p:733-751
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-014-0758-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Ansgar Hudde, 2018. "Societal Agreement on Gender Role Attitudes and Childlessness in 38 Countries," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 34(5), pages 745-767, December.
    3. Catherine Verniers & Jorge Vala, 2018. "Justifying gender discrimination in the workplace: The mediating role of motherhood myths," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, January.
    4. Xiangdan Piao, 2021. "Marriage Stability and Private Versus Shared Expenditures Within Families: Evidence from Japanese Families," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 153(2), pages 533-559, January.
    5. C. Cascella & J. Williams & M. Pampaka, 2022. "An Extended Regional Gender Gaps Index (eRGGI): Comparative Measurement of Gender Equality at Different Levels of Regionality," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 159(2), pages 757-800, January.
    6. K. G. Priyashantha & A. Chamaru De Alwis & I. Welmilla, 2023. "Three Perspectives on Changing Gender Stereotypes," FIIB Business Review, , vol. 12(2), pages 120-131, June.
    7. Vera Lomazzi & Sabine Israel & Isabella Crespi, 2018. "Gender Equality in Europe and the Effect of Work-Family Balance Policies on Gender-Role Attitudes," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-29, December.
    8. Riccardo Turati, 2020. "Network-based Connectedness and the Diffusion of Cultural Traits," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2020012, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    9. Jessica BUJOR & Karl G.D. BAILEY, 2024. "Gender Role Beliefs and Intercultural Relationships," RAIS Journal for Social Sciences, Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies, vol. 8(1), pages 45-55, May.
    10. Lonneke van den Berg, 2023. "The educational gradient in young singlehood: The role of gender and the gender climate," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 48(6), pages 153-188.
    11. Vera Lomazzi, 2022. "Improving measurements by survey infrastructures synergies: insights from the revised gender role attitudes scale in the european values study 2017," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 4855-4877, December.
    12. Renzo Carriero & Lorenzo Todesco, 2018. "Housework division and gender ideology: When do attitudes really matter?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 39(39), pages 1039-1064.

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