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Sparse Versus Simple Structure Loadings

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  • Nickolay Trendafilov
  • Kohei Adachi

Abstract

The component loadings are interpreted by considering their magnitudes, which indicates how strongly each of the original variables relates to the corresponding principal component. The usual ad hoc practice in the interpretation process is to ignore the variables with small absolute loadings or set to zero loadings smaller than some threshold value. This, in fact, makes the component loadings sparse in an artificial and a subjective way. We propose a new alternative approach, which produces sparse loadings in an optimal way. The introduced approach is illustrated on two well-known data sets and compared to the existing rotation methods. Copyright The Psychometric Society 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Nickolay Trendafilov & Kohei Adachi, 2015. "Sparse Versus Simple Structure Loadings," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 80(3), pages 776-790, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:psycho:v:80:y:2015:i:3:p:776-790
    DOI: 10.1007/s11336-014-9416-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shen, Haipeng & Huang, Jianhua Z., 2008. "Sparse principal component analysis via regularized low rank matrix approximation," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 99(6), pages 1015-1034, July.
    2. Robert Jennrich, 2001. "A simple general procedure for orthogonal rotation," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 66(2), pages 289-306, June.
    3. Robert Jennrich, 2006. "Rotation to Simple Loadings Using Component Loss Functions: The Oblique Case," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 71(1), pages 173-191, March.
    4. Robert Jennrich, 2004. "Rotation to simple loadings using component loss functions: The orthogonal case," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 69(2), pages 257-273, June.
    5. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226316529 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kohei Adachi & Nickolay T. Trendafilov, 2016. "Sparse principal component analysis subject to prespecified cardinality of loadings," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 31(4), pages 1403-1427, December.
    2. Po-Hsien Huang & Hung Chen & Li-Jen Weng, 2017. "A Penalized Likelihood Method for Structural Equation Modeling," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 82(2), pages 329-354, June.
    3. Rosember Guerra-Urzola & Katrijn Van Deun & Juan C. Vera & Klaas Sijtsma, 2021. "A Guide for Sparse PCA: Model Comparison and Applications," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 86(4), pages 893-919, December.
    4. Kim, Nam-Hwui & Browne, Ryan P., 2021. "In the pursuit of sparseness: A new rank-preserving penalty for a finite mixture of factor analyzers," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    5. Jin, Shaobo & Moustaki, Irini & Yang-Wallentin, Fan, 2018. "Approximated penalized maximum likelihood for exploratory factor analysis: an orthogonal case," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 88118, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Yoav Bergner & Peter Halpin & Jill-Jênn Vie, 2022. "Multidimensional Item Response Theory in the Style of Collaborative Filtering," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 87(1), pages 266-288, March.
    7. Nickolay T. Trendafilov & Sara Fontanella & Kohei Adachi, 2017. "Sparse Exploratory Factor Analysis," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 82(3), pages 778-794, September.
    8. Shaobo Jin & Irini Moustaki & Fan Yang-Wallentin, 2018. "Approximated Penalized Maximum Likelihood for Exploratory Factor Analysis: An Orthogonal Case," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 83(3), pages 628-649, September.
    9. Ikemoto, Hiroki & Adachi, Kohei, 2016. "Sparse Tucker2 analysis of three-way data subject to a constrained number of zero elements in a core array," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 1-18.
    10. Guerra Urzola, Rosember & Van Deun, Katrijn & Vera, J. C. & Sijtsma, K., 2021. "A guide for sparse PCA : Model comparison and applications," Other publications TiSEM 4d35b931-7f49-444b-b92f-a, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

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