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Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Earthquake Behaviour Coding Methodology: analysis of Christchurch Public Hospital video data from the 22 February Christchurch earthquake event

Author

Listed:
  • Emily S. Lambie

    (Massey University/GNS Science
    University of Canterbury)

  • Thomas M. Wilson

    (University of Canterbury)

  • Erik Brogt

    (University of Canterbury)

  • David M. Johnston

    (Massey University/GNS Science)

  • Michael Ardagh

    (University of Otago
    Canterbury District Health Board)

  • Joanne Deely

    (University of Otago
    Canterbury District Health Board)

  • Steven Jensen

    (California State University)

  • Shirley Feldmann-Jensen

    (California State University)

Abstract

Earthquake epidemiological research indicates that the behavioural response influences the nature and severity of injuries sustained. However, there is no observational evidence of the actions individuals engage in during and immediately following earthquake shaking, and the context in which earthquake injuries and deaths are caused. Closed Circuit Television Earthquake Behaviour Coding Methodology has been developed as a tool to classify human behaviour during and immediately following earthquake shaking using real event video data. The coding methodology was applied to security video data captured during the 22 February 2011 Mw6.3 ‘Christchurch’ earthquake event from the Christchurch Public Hospital which experienced shaking intensity of MM9 lasting approximately 12–15 s. We applied this coding methodology to determine: demography, trans-event behavioural responses, post-event behavioural responses, influence of social context on behaviour, and influence of behaviour on injuries. A total of 213 individuals from 31 different camera views were analysed. Sixty-six per cent of the individuals were adult-aged females. The primary trans-event responses were to hold (26%) onto furniture, walls, and/or other people close to them and to look around (30%). No individuals were observed to perform all ‘Drop, Cover, Hold’ actions, the recommended action during strong earthquake shaking in New Zealand. Post-event behaviour included: running, walking, providing assistance, moving towards others, visual communication, and some individuals gave instructions. Social contextual behaviour varied depending on the role of the adult. There were no serious injuries linked to behaviour. The results of this initial study indicate the coding methodology can record the distribution of and variation in human behaviours. Therefore, objective observation of earthquake video data can provide a useful quantitative measure of human behaviour. Significantly, the process will enable researchers to look more closely at behaviours, as well as the social and physical contexts associated with injury risk during and immediately following earthquake shaking.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily S. Lambie & Thomas M. Wilson & Erik Brogt & David M. Johnston & Michael Ardagh & Joanne Deely & Steven Jensen & Shirley Feldmann-Jensen, 2017. "Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Earthquake Behaviour Coding Methodology: analysis of Christchurch Public Hospital video data from the 22 February Christchurch earthquake event," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 86(3), pages 1175-1192, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:86:y:2017:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-016-2735-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-016-2735-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Johnston & Sarah Standring & Kevin Ronan & Michael Lindell & Thomas Wilson & Jim Cousins & Emma Aldridge & Michael Ardagh & Joanne Deely & Steven Jensen & Thomas Kirsch & Richard Bissell, 2014. "The 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes: context and cause of injury," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 73(2), pages 627-637, September.
    2. Emily Lambie & Thomas Wilson & David Johnston & Steven Jensen & Erik Brogt & Emma Doyle & Michael Lindell & William Helton, 2016. "Human behaviour during and immediately following earthquake shaking: developing a methodological approach for analysing video footage," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(1), pages 249-283, January.
    3. Gabriele Prati & Elisa Saccinto & Luca Pietrantoni & Carles Pérez-Testor, 2013. "The 2012 Northern Italy Earthquakes: modelling human behaviour," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(1), pages 99-113, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kazuya Nakayachi & Julia S. Becker & Sally H. Potter & Maximilian Dixon, 2019. "Residents’ Reactions to Earthquake Early Warnings in Japan," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(8), pages 1723-1740, August.

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