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The 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes: context and cause of injury

Author

Listed:
  • David Johnston
  • Sarah Standring
  • Kevin Ronan
  • Michael Lindell
  • Thomas Wilson
  • Jim Cousins
  • Emma Aldridge
  • Michael Ardagh
  • Joanne Deely
  • Steven Jensen
  • Thomas Kirsch
  • Richard Bissell

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate causes of injury during the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes. Data on patients injured during the Darfield (4 September 2010) and Christchurch (22 February 2011) earthquakes were sourced from the New Zealand Accident Compensation Corporation. The total injury burden was analyzed for demography, context of injury, causes of injury, and injury type. Injury context was classified as direct (shaking of the primary earthquake or aftershocks causing unavoidable injuries), action (movement of person during the primary earthquake or aftershocks causing potentially avoidable injuries), and secondary (cause of injury after shaking ceased). Nine categories of injury cause were identified. Three times as many people were injured in the Christchurch earthquake as in the Darfield earthquake (7,171 vs. 2,256). The primary shaking caused approximately two-thirds of the injuries from both quakes. Actions during the primary shaking and aftershocks led to many injuries (51.3 % Darfield and 19.4 % Christchurch). Primary direct caused the highest proportion of injuries during the daytime Christchurch quake (43.6 %). Many people were injured after shaking stopped in both events: 499 (22.1 % Darfield) and 1,881 (26.2 % Christchurch). Most of these people were injured during clean-up (320 (14.2 %) Darfield; 622 (8.7 %) Christchurch). In both earthquakes, more females than males (1,453 vs. 803 Darfield; 4,646 vs. 2,525 Christchurch) were injured (except by masonry, damaged ground, and during clean-up); trip/fall (27.9 % Darfield; 26.1 % Christchurch) was the most common cause of injury; and soft tissue injuries (74.1 % Darfield; 70.4 % Christchurch) was the most common type of injury. This study demonstrated that where people were and their actions during and after earthquakes influenced their risk of injury. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • David Johnston & Sarah Standring & Kevin Ronan & Michael Lindell & Thomas Wilson & Jim Cousins & Emma Aldridge & Michael Ardagh & Joanne Deely & Steven Jensen & Thomas Kirsch & Richard Bissell, 2014. "The 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes: context and cause of injury," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 73(2), pages 627-637, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:73:y:2014:i:2:p:627-637
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-014-1094-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gabriele Prati & Elisa Saccinto & Luca Pietrantoni & Carles Pérez-Testor, 2013. "The 2012 Northern Italy Earthquakes: modelling human behaviour," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(1), pages 99-113, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhen Xu & Xinzheng Lu & Hong Guan & Yuan Tian & Aizhu Ren, 2016. "Simulation of earthquake-induced hazards of falling exterior non-structural components and its application to emergency shelter design," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(2), pages 935-950, January.
    2. Julia S. Becker & Sally H. Potter & Lauren J. Vinnell & Kazuya Nakayachi & Sara K. McBride & David M. Johnston, 2020. "Earthquake early warning in Aotearoa New Zealand: a survey of public perspectives to guide warning system development," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Emily S. Lambie & Thomas M. Wilson & Erik Brogt & David M. Johnston & Michael Ardagh & Joanne Deely & Steven Jensen & Shirley Feldmann-Jensen, 2017. "Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Earthquake Behaviour Coding Methodology: analysis of Christchurch Public Hospital video data from the 22 February Christchurch earthquake event," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 86(3), pages 1175-1192, April.
    4. Kazuya Nakayachi & Julia S. Becker & Sally H. Potter & Maximilian Dixon, 2019. "Residents’ Reactions to Earthquake Early Warnings in Japan," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(8), pages 1723-1740, August.
    5. Tatiana Goded & Andrew Beaupre & Michael DeMarco & Tina Dutra & Andro Gogichaishvili & Daniel Haley & Alex Hyman & Nicholas Kepka Calvetti & John Potter & Maureen Coomer & Kim Wright & Andrew King, 2017. "Understanding different perspectives on the preservation of community and heritage buildings in the Wellington Region, New Zealand," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 87(1), pages 185-212, May.
    6. Zhen Xu & Xinzheng Lu & Hong Guan & Yuan Tian & Aizhu Ren, 2016. "Simulation of earthquake-induced hazards of falling exterior non-structural components and its application to emergency shelter design," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(2), pages 935-950, January.

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