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Observed and modeled tsunami signals compared by using different rupture models of the April 1, 2014, Iquique earthquake

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  • Ignacia Calisto
  • Marisella Ortega
  • Matthew Miller

Abstract

A major interplate earthquake occurred on April 1, 2014, in northern Chile with magnitude $${M}_w=8.1$$ M w = 8.1 , which ruptured part of the 1877 seismic gap segment. Following the earthquake, a tsunami was observed having a moderate impact in the nearest coastal areas. Here we propagate a tsunami generated by two different slip model distributions, as well as a homogeneous one, and compare them using observed tide gauge data from four stations along the Chilean coast, in order to estimate which best represents the measured tsunami waveforms. The heterogeneous models reproduce the general shape and amplitude of the observed data, while the tsunami signal modeled by the homogeneous slip overestimates the amplitude and underestimates the arrival time. This study shows that it is possible to accurately model near-field tsunami observations in Chile, using high-resolution bathymetry, and that they are better represented by heterogeneous sources. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Ignacia Calisto & Marisella Ortega & Matthew Miller, 2015. "Observed and modeled tsunami signals compared by using different rupture models of the April 1, 2014, Iquique earthquake," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 79(1), pages 397-408, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:79:y:2015:i:1:p:397-408
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1848-x
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    1. Gavin P. Hayes & Matthew W. Herman & William D. Barnhart & Kevin P. Furlong & Sebástian Riquelme & Harley M. Benz & Eric Bergman & Sergio Barrientos & Paul S. Earle & Sergey Samsonov, 2014. "Continuing megathrust earthquake potential in Chile after the 2014 Iquique earthquake," Nature, Nature, vol. 512(7514), pages 295-298, August.
    2. Bernd Schurr & Günter Asch & Sebastian Hainzl & Jonathan Bedford & Andreas Hoechner & Mauro Palo & Rongjiang Wang & Marcos Moreno & Mitja Bartsch & Yong Zhang & Onno Oncken & Frederik Tilmann & Torste, 2014. "Gradual unlocking of plate boundary controlled initiation of the 2014 Iquique earthquake," Nature, Nature, vol. 512(7514), pages 299-302, August.
    3. Marcos Moreno & Matthias Rosenau & Onno Oncken, 2010. "2010 Maule earthquake slip correlates with pre-seismic locking of Andean subduction zone," Nature, Nature, vol. 467(7312), pages 198-202, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. José Drápela & Ignacia Calisto & Marcos Moreno, 2021. "Locking-derived tsunami scenarios for the most recent megathrust earthquakes in Chile: implications for tsunami hazard assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(1), pages 35-52, May.

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