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Locking-derived tsunami scenarios for the most recent megathrust earthquakes in Chile: implications for tsunami hazard assessment

Author

Listed:
  • José Drápela

    (Universidad de Concepción)

  • Ignacia Calisto

    (Universidad de Concepción)

  • Marcos Moreno

    (Universidad de Concepción)

Abstract

The ever-increasing data from continues geodetic networks has allowed to reveal first-order spatial relations between pre-seismic highly locked zones on the interface and regions of large coseismic slip. Here we use a distribution of locking degree and recurrence of historical earthquakes along the Chilean subduction zone to estimate the slip deficit accumulated since previous tsunamigenic earthquakes and use these constrains to simulate tsumani signals. We generate tsunami models for the recent five major tsunamigenic earthquakes in Chile during the last decade: Maule (2010), Pisagua (2014), Illapel (2015), Melinka (2016) and Valparaiso (2017). Results were compared with tsunami records to evaluate the use of locking degree as an estimate of displacement of future earthquakes and as a tool for tsunami hazard assessment. Our tsunami simulations for the Maule (2010) and Illapel (2015), earthquakes that filled a seismic gap, reproduce well the tsunami observations, for the case of Pisagua (2014), Valparaiso (2016) and Melinka (2017) although it exists a correspondence in the areas of greater degree of locking with the coseismic slip, there is also an imbalance between the energy accumulated and released in the interseismic period considered according to the historical seismicity. This indicate that the rupture of small asperities (areas that release high slip during earthquakes) may have a complex pattern of recurrence and do not fully affect a locked patch. Locking-derived tsunami scenarios represent well tsunami observations of earthquakes that ruptured a locked seismic gap, and they can be used in addition to the actual methodologies to improve the estimation of tsunami hazard.

Suggested Citation

  • José Drápela & Ignacia Calisto & Marcos Moreno, 2021. "Locking-derived tsunami scenarios for the most recent megathrust earthquakes in Chile: implications for tsunami hazard assessment," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 107(1), pages 35-52, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:107:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-021-04572-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04572-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Juan González & Gabriel González & Rafael Aránguiz & Diego Melgar & Natalia Zamora & Mahesh N. Shrivastava & Ranjit Das & Patricio A. Catalán & Rodrigo Cienfuegos, 2020. "A hybrid deterministic and stochastic approach for tsunami hazard assessment in Iquique, Chile," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 100(1), pages 231-254, January.
    2. Ignacia Calisto & Marisella Ortega & Matthew Miller, 2015. "Observed and modeled tsunami signals compared by using different rupture models of the April 1, 2014, Iquique earthquake," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 79(1), pages 397-408, October.
    3. Bernd Schurr & Günter Asch & Sebastian Hainzl & Jonathan Bedford & Andreas Hoechner & Mauro Palo & Rongjiang Wang & Marcos Moreno & Mitja Bartsch & Yong Zhang & Onno Oncken & Frederik Tilmann & Torste, 2014. "Gradual unlocking of plate boundary controlled initiation of the 2014 Iquique earthquake," Nature, Nature, vol. 512(7514), pages 299-302, August.
    4. Jacob Geersen & César R. Ranero & Udo Barckhausen & Christian Reichert, 2015. "Subducting seamounts control interplate coupling and seismic rupture in the 2014 Iquique earthquake area," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-6, November.
    5. Marcos Moreno & Matthias Rosenau & Onno Oncken, 2010. "2010 Maule earthquake slip correlates with pre-seismic locking of Andean subduction zone," Nature, Nature, vol. 467(7312), pages 198-202, September.
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