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Global mapping of storm surges and the assessment of coastal vulnerability

Author

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  • G. Brakenridge
  • J. Syvitski
  • I. Overeem
  • S. Higgins
  • A. Kettner
  • J. Stewart-Moore
  • R. Westerhoff

Abstract

The measurement and recording of the height and spatial extent reached by coastal storm surges is fundamental to scientific progress in understanding these phenomena. Such information is required for better prediction and for risk assessment. Model-based evaluation of increasing delta vulnerability, for example, cannot be tested without long-term, consistent, and sustained observation of actual events. Also, storm surges occur within the temporal context of tidal variation, which must first be characterized through observation. Present standard approaches for measuring storm surges are not optimum. Thus, tidal gauges provide information at one point, whereas the heights reached by surges vary spatially. Also, post-surge ground surveys are expensive, laborious, and commonly lack comparison to similar data obtained for previous surges or for high tides. The advent of moderate spatial resolution, high temporal resolution remote sensing initiated by the launch of the two NASA MODIS sensors greatly reduces these constraints. For over a decade, daily coverage of most coastal land areas, though restricted by cloud cover, has systematically captured the maximum extents reached by both high tides and by storm surges. Automated water classification algorithms are now transforming the incoming image data into GIS water boundary files, again at daily or near-daily time steps. This paper provides a retrospective view of sample storm surges as mapped via these sensors and describes: (a) the present, MODIS-based surface water surveillance system, (b) the mapping enhancement to be provided by frequent-repeat, wide-swath satellite radar imaging, and (c) the emerging prospects for routine global surveillance of storm surge events. Such will be necessary if long-term trends are to be recognized, characterized, and understood, along coastal zones now being affected by both increasing subsidence and rising sea level. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

Suggested Citation

  • G. Brakenridge & J. Syvitski & I. Overeem & S. Higgins & A. Kettner & J. Stewart-Moore & R. Westerhoff, 2013. "Global mapping of storm surges and the assessment of coastal vulnerability," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 66(3), pages 1295-1312, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:66:y:2013:i:3:p:1295-1312
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0317-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ginni Melton & Melanie Gall & Jerry Mitchell & Susan Cutter, 2010. "Hurricane Katrina storm surge delineation: implications for future storm surge forecasts and warnings," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 54(2), pages 519-536, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nabanita Sarkar & Angela Rizzo & Vittoria Vandelli & Mauro Soldati, 2022. "A Literature Review of Climate-Related Coastal Risks in the Mediterranean, a Climate Change Hotspot," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Janani Vivekananda & Janpeter Schilling & Shreya Mitra & Nisha Pandey, 2014. "On shrimp, salt and security: livelihood risks and responses in South Bangladesh and East India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 16(6), pages 1141-1161, December.

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