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Tsunamis versus storm deposits from Thailand

Author

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  • Sumet Phantuwongraj
  • Montri Choowong

Abstract

Along the Andaman (west) coast of Thailand, the 2004 tsunami depositional features associated with the 2004 tsunami were used to describe the characteristics of tsunamis in a place far away from the effect of both recent and ancient storms. The current challenge is that a lack of precise sedimentological characteristics have been described that will differentiate tsunami deposits from storm deposits. Here, in sedimentological senses, we reviewed the imprints of the sedimentological characteristics of the 2004 tsunami and older deposits and then compared them with storm deposits, as analyzed from the deposits found along the eastern (Gulf of Thailand; GOT) coast of Thailand. We discuss the hydraulic conditions of the 2004 tsunami and its predecessors, on the Andaman coast, and compare them to storm flows found on the coast of the GOT. Similar to an extensive tsunami inflow deposit, a storm flow overwash has very similar sedimentary structures. Well-preserved sedimentary structures recognized in sand sheets from both tsunami and storms include single and multiple normal gradings, reverse grading, parallel, incline and foreset lamina, rip-up clasts, and mud drapes. All these sedimentary structures verify the similarity of tsunami and storm inflow behavior as both types of high-energy flow start to scour the beach zone. Antidunes are likely to be the only unique internal sedimentary structures observed in the 2004 tsunami deposit. Rip-up clasts are rare within storm deposits compared to tsunami deposits. We found that the deposition during the outflow from both tsunami and storms was rarely preserved, suggesting that it does not persist for very long in the geological record. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Sumet Phantuwongraj & Montri Choowong, 2012. "Tsunamis versus storm deposits from Thailand," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(1), pages 31-50, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:63:y:2012:i:1:p:31-50
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9717-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Futoshi Nanayama & Kenji Satake & Ryuta Furukawa & Koichi Shimokawa & Brian F. Atwater & Kiyoyuki Shigeno & Shigeru Yamaki, 2003. "Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril trench," Nature, Nature, vol. 424(6949), pages 660-663, August.
    2. Jeffrey P. Donnelly & Jonathan D. Woodruff, 2007. "Intense hurricane activity over the past 5,000 years controlled by El Niño and the West African monsoon," Nature, Nature, vol. 447(7143), pages 465-468, May.
    3. Kruawun Jankaew & Brian F. Atwater & Yuki Sawai & Montri Choowong & Thasinee Charoentitirat & Maria E. Martin & Amy Prendergast, 2008. "Medieval forewarning of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand," Nature, Nature, vol. 455(7217), pages 1228-1231, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yan Rizal & Aswan Aswan & Jahdi Zaim & Mika R. Puspaningrum & Wahyu D. Santoso & Nur Rochim, 2019. "Late Miocene to Pliocene Tsunami Deposits in Tegal Buleud, South Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(12), pages 1-80, December.

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