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Seismic risk analysis of urban non-engineered buildings: application to an informal settlement in Mérida, Venezuela

Author

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  • A. Castillo
  • F. López-Almansa
  • L. Pujades

Abstract

Seismic risk scenarios are obtained for an informal settlement in Mérida (Venezuela), which is representative of an important number of urban areas in earthquake-prone regions of the developing world. The vulnerability indices of the buildings range between 0.64 and 0.80 on a scale of 0 to 1. In an intensity IX earthquake scenario, more than 32% of the buildings would suffer damage of grade 4 (extensive) or greater. A structural analysis of the buildings in the study area shows that they are unsafe for gravity loads, and that the seismic demands exceed the strength of the constructions. Simple and comparatively inexpensive measures can improve the seismic performance of these buildings; the vulnerability can be reduced by about 51%. In an intensity IX earthquake scenario, the expected economic loss before retrofitting the buildings is US$5.36 million, with 275 fatalities; once retrofit has been carried out, the resulting figures are US$0.39 million and 10 fatalities. Retrofit would cost US$1.04 million, whereas reconstruction would cost US$19 million. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • A. Castillo & F. López-Almansa & L. Pujades, 2011. "Seismic risk analysis of urban non-engineered buildings: application to an informal settlement in Mérida, Venezuela," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 59(2), pages 891-916, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:59:y:2011:i:2:p:891-916
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9805-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nieves Lantada & Luis Pujades & Alex Barbat, 2009. "Vulnerability index and capacity spectrum based methods for urban seismic risk evaluation. A comparison," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 51(3), pages 501-524, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Iban, Muzaffer Can, 2020. "Lessons from approaches to informal housing and non-compliant development in Turkey: An in-depth policy analysis with a historical framework," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    2. Polina Lemenkova & Olivier Debeir, 2022. "Seismotectonics of Shallow-Focus Earthquakes in Venezuela with Links to Gravity Anomalies and Geologic Heterogeneity Mapped by a GMT Scripting Language," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, November.

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