IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v110y2022i3d10.1007_s11069-021-05010-2.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Understanding the cause and effect relationship of debris slides in Papum Pare district, Arunachal Himalaya, India

Author

Listed:
  • Ratan Das

    (Assam University)

  • Parag Phukon

    (Gauhati University)

  • T. N. Singh

    (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay)

Abstract

Slope failures are recurrent phenomena during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season in the mountainous regions of Arunachal Himalaya, NE India, with a consequent damaging impact on the landscape, life, and property of the people. Geodynamic conditions, fragile lithology, high magnitude seismicity together with high-intensity rainfall from ISM provide the potent mixture of conducive factors contributing towards a very high frequency of landslides in the region. The problem is further accentuated by anthropogenic activities that have increased in recent times. Here we present a case study of a vulnerable road segment between Doimukh and Haj along the National Highway (NH-229) in Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh that witnesses recurring debris slides during the rainy season. We suggest that a minimum threshold value of 433 mm of rainfall can be a triggering factor for the landslides in this Himalayan terrane. Considering similar climatic and geologic factors, this threshold value may be extrapolated for other areas in the Arunachal Sub-Himalayan region. An attempt is also made to analyze the stability of slope (dry/saturated condition) through 2D numerical modeling. The results of the finite element method (FEM) are validated with the limit equilibrium method (LEM). Both critical strength reduction factor (SRF) and factor of safety (FoS) are significantly reduced due to saturation of the debris material. Pre-event simulation for dry and saturated conditions gives the critical SRF values of 1.12 and 0.72 in FEM and FoS of 1.009 and 0.786 in LEM, respectively. A conservative estimate shows at least ~ 15,352 m3 of sediments were generated from a single debris slide event. Predictably, a combined sediment volume from all the events contributes significant sediment load into the adjacent south-flowing Dikrong river. Heavy sediment flux leads to a cascading downstream impact with devastating floods, erosion, and aggradation besides frequent channel changes. This study is expected to contribute towards a better understanding of the disaster potential, cause and effect relationship in a highly landslide-prone terrane of the eastern Himalayas besides enhancing our understanding of upper catchment sediment generation and their trajectory in the Himalayan rivers. This also calls for the further analysis of space–time variability of the ISM to enable developing a landslide early warning system in Arunachal Himalaya.

Suggested Citation

  • Ratan Das & Parag Phukon & T. N. Singh, 2022. "Understanding the cause and effect relationship of debris slides in Papum Pare district, Arunachal Himalaya, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(3), pages 1735-1760, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:110:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-021-05010-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-05010-2
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-021-05010-2
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11069-021-05010-2?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A. Sengupta & S. Gupta & K. Anbarasu, 2010. "Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslide at Lanta Khola in north Sikkim, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 52(1), pages 31-42, January.
    2. Sangseom Jeong & Kwangwoo Lee & Junghwan Kim & Yongmin Kim, 2017. "Analysis of Rainfall-Induced Landslide on Unsaturated Soil Slopes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-20, July.
    3. D. Kanungo & Anindya Pain & Shaifaly Sharma, 2013. "Finite element modeling approach to assess the stability of debris and rock slopes: a case study from the Indian Himalayas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 69(1), pages 1-24, October.
    4. Amit Bera & Bhabani Prasad Mukhopadhyay & Debasish Das, 2019. "Landslide hazard zonation mapping using multi-criteria analysis with the help of GIS techniques: a case study from Eastern Himalayas, Namchi, South Sikkim," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 96(2), pages 935-959, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sankar Kumar Nath & Arnab Sengupta & Anand Srivastava, 2021. "Remote sensing GIS-based landslide susceptibility & risk modeling in Darjeeling–Sikkim Himalaya together with FEM-based slope stability analysis of the terrain," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 108(3), pages 3271-3304, September.
    2. Arunava Ray & R. E. S. Chaitanya Kumar & Rajesh Rai & Suprakash Gupta, 2020. "Risk chart for identification of potential landslide due to the presence of residual soil," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3479-3498, September.
    3. Prodip Mandal & Shraban Sarkar, 2021. "Estimation of rainfall threshold for the early warning of shallow landslides along National Highway-10 in Darjeeling Himalayas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(3), pages 2455-2480, February.
    4. Luca Schilirò & Gian Marco Marmoni & Matteo Fiorucci & Massimo Pecci & Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza, 2023. "Preliminary insights from hydrological field monitoring for the evaluation of landslide triggering conditions over large areas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(2), pages 1401-1426, September.
    5. Abhirup Dikshit & D. Neelima Satyam & Ikuo Towhata, 2018. "Early warning system using tilt sensors in Chibo, Kalimpong, Darjeeling Himalayas, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(2), pages 727-741, November.
    6. Tahir Ali Akbar & Siddique Ullah & Waheed Ullah & Rafi Ullah & Raja Umer Sajjad & Abdullah Mohamed & Alamgir Khalil & Muhammad Faisal Javed & Anwarud Din, 2022. "Development and Application of Models for Landslide Hazards in Northern Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    7. Vipin Kumar & Vikram Gupta & Imlirenla Jamir, 2018. "Hazard evaluation of progressive Pawari landslide zone, Satluj valley, Himachal Pradesh, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 93(2), pages 1029-1047, September.
    8. Tariq Siddique & M. E. A. Mondal & S. P. Pradhan & M. Salman & M. Sohel, 2020. "Geotechnical assessment of cut slopes in the landslide-prone Himalayas: rock mass characterization and simulation approach," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 104(1), pages 413-435, October.
    9. Sandeep Kumar & Vikram Gupta, 2021. "Evaluation of spatial probability of landslides using bivariate and multivariate approaches in the Goriganga valley, Kumaun Himalaya, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(3), pages 2461-2488, December.
    10. Abhik Saha & Vasanta Govind Kumar Villuri & Ashutosh Bhardwaj, 2022. "Development and Assessment of GIS-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Models Using ANN, Fuzzy-AHP, and MCDA in Darjeeling Himalayas, West Bengal, India," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-27, October.
    11. Da-Chao Lin & Jing-Luo Cai & Zhang-Lin Guo & Fan-Lei Zeng & Feng-Ping An & Hai-Bo Liu, 2013. "Evaluation of landslide risk based on synchronization of nonlinear motions in observed data," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 65(1), pages 581-603, January.
    12. Senapati, Ujjal & Das, Tapan Kumar, 2024. "Delineation of potential alternative agriculture region using RS and AHP-based GIS techniques in the drought prone upper Dwarakeswer river basin, West Bengal, India," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 490(C).
    13. Joram Wachira Mburu & An-Jui Li & Horn-Da Lin & Chih-Wei Lu, 2022. "Investigations of Unsaturated Slopes Subjected to Rainfall Infiltration Using Numerical Approaches—A Parametric Study and Comparative Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-37, November.
    14. Shuhong Wang & Meaza Girma Demisa & Bowen Han & Qinkuan Hou & Ze Zhang, 2024. "A material point method analysis of failure mechanism and kinematic behavior of rainfall-induced landslide," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(15), pages 13875-13897, December.
    15. Sinhang Kang & Seung-Rae Lee & Sung-Eun Cho, 2020. "Slope Stability Analysis of Unsaturated Soil Slopes Based on the Site-Specific Characteristics: A Case Study of Hwangryeong Mountain, Busan, Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, April.
    16. Elias Garcia-Urquia, 2016. "Establishing rainfall frequency contour lines as thresholds for rainfall-induced landslides in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 1980–2005," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 82(3), pages 2107-2132, July.
    17. Sangseom Jeong & Azman Kassim & Moonhyun Hong & Nader Saadatkhah, 2018. "Susceptibility Assessments of Landslides in Hulu Kelang Area Using a Geographic Information System-Based Prediction Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, August.
    18. Nabarun Dey & Aniruddha Sengupta, 2018. "Effect of rainfall on the triggering of the devastating slope failure at Malin, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(3), pages 1391-1413, December.
    19. Shiang-Jen Wu & Chih-Tsung Hsu & Ho-Cheng Lien & Che-Hao Chang, 2015. "Modeling the effect of uncertainties in rainfall characteristics on flash flood warning based on rainfall thresholds," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 75(2), pages 1677-1711, January.
    20. Xiangjian Rui & Lei Nie & Yan Xu & Hong Wang, 2019. "Land Degeneration due to Water Infiltration and Sub-Erosion: A Case Study of Soil Slope Failure at the National Geological Park of Qian-an Mud Forest, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-17, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:110:y:2022:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-021-05010-2. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.