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Analysis of the surface subsidence induced by sublevel caving based on GPS monitoring and numerical simulation

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  • Xingdong Zhao

    (Northeastern University)

  • Qiankun Zhu

    (Northeastern University)

Abstract

This paper describes a case study of the surface subsidence induced by sublevel caving without sill pillars in the Maogong Iron Mine, China. A comprehensive analysis based on GPS monitoring and numerical simulation is proposed and used to analyze the surface subsidence characteristics and damage range. GPS monitoring results showed that the vertical displacement reached 40.3 mm at the JC5 monitoring station and was accompanied by ground crack development. According to the in situ surface subsidence monitoring data and numerical calibration model results, the corresponding critical horizontal strain and angular distortion due to the surface subsidence were estimated as 1.5 × 10−3 and 2.0 × 10−3, respectively. The numerical results showed that the center of the surface subsidence was located in the hanging wall of the orebody, which changed to its far end with increasing mining depth. In the early surface subsidence stage, macro-tension cracks developed in the hanging wall rock mass, and the slabbed rock mass then collapsed into the cave through rotation and/or translation failure. With increasing mining depth, there will be unfilled goaf in the underground, and the rock mass will gradually collapse under high mining-induced stress concentration. Accumulation of caved rocks and the bulking effect result in slow surface subsidence. Notably, surface collapse will not occur suddenly in Maogong Iron Mine, and potential secondary hazards mainly small landslides in the hillside.

Suggested Citation

  • Xingdong Zhao & Qiankun Zhu, 2020. "Analysis of the surface subsidence induced by sublevel caving based on GPS monitoring and numerical simulation," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3063-3083, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:103:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-020-04119-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04119-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shaojie Chen & Dawei Yin & Fengwei Cao & Yong Liu & Kaiqiang Ren, 2016. "An overview of integrated surface subsidence-reducing technology in mining areas of China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(2), pages 1129-1145, March.
    2. Fengshan Ma & Haijun Zhao & Renmao Yuan & Jie Guo, 2015. "Ground movement resulting from underground backfill mining in a nickel mine (Gansu Province, China)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 77(3), pages 1475-1490, July.
    3. A. Muntean & V. Mocanu & B. Ambrosius, 2016. "A GPS study of land subsidence in the Petrosani (Romania) coal mining area," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(2), pages 797-810, January.
    4. Lei Nie & Hongfei Wang & Yan Xu & Zechuang Li, 2015. "A new prediction model for mining subsidence deformation: the arc tangent function model," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 75(3), pages 2185-2198, February.
    5. Shaojie Chen & Dawei Yin & Fengwei Cao & Yong Liu & Kaiqiang Ren, 2016. "An overview of integrated surface subsidence-reducing technology in mining areas of China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(2), pages 1129-1145, March.
    6. A. Muntean & V. Mocanu & B. Ambrosius, 2016. "A GPS study of land subsidence in the Petrosani (Romania) coal mining area," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(2), pages 797-810, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Oleg Bazaluk & Mykhailo Petlovanyi & Vasyl Lozynskyi & Serhii Zubko & Kateryna Sai & Pavlo Saik, 2021. "Sustainable Underground Iron Ore Mining in Ukraine with Backfilling Worked-Out Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.

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