Approximate maximum likelihood estimation for stochastic differential equations with random effects in the drift and the diffusion

Consider N independent stochastic processes $$(X_i(t), t\in [0,T])$$ ( X i ( t ) , t ∈ [ 0 , T ] ) , $$i=1,\ldots , N$$ i = 1 , … , N , defined by a stochastic differential equation with random effects where the drift term depends linearly on a random vector $$\Phi _i$$ Φ i and the diffusion coefficient depends on another linear random effect $$\Psi _i$$ Ψ i . For these effects, we consider a joint parametric distribution. We propose and study two approximate likelihoods for estimating the parameters of this joint distribution based on discrete observations of the processes on a fixed time interval. Consistent and $$\sqrt{N}$$ N -asymptotically Gaussian estimators are obtained when both the number of individuals and the number of observations per individual tend to infinity. The estimation methods are investigated on simulated data and show good performances.