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What drives demand for private tutoring in secondary education? Evidence from India

Author

Listed:
  • Pradeep Kumar Choudhury

    (Harvard University
    Jawaharlal Nehru University)

  • Angrej Singh Gill

    (Panjab University Rural Centre)

  • Amit Kumar

    (University of Delhi)

Abstract

Private tutoring is widespread in India, and its demand is growing over time. In this paper, we employ a two-step Heckman selection model to analyse the role of socioeconomic and school-related factors in determining household demand for private tutoring in secondary education in India. We use 75th education round data of the National Statistical Office (NSO), a pan-India household survey data collected between July 2017 and June 2018. We find that around 29 per cent of secondary school-going children in India attend private tutoring, the highest among all levels of education. Results show that students from socially and economically disadvantaged families are under-represented in private tutoring and spend less on it than their less-disadvantaged counterparts. We also find significant regional (rural/urban) and inter-state variations in participation and household investment in private tutoring in India. Our results indicate that children from science and commerce streams have a higher demand for private tuition than their arts stream counterparts. In a context where ‘coaching culture’ is increasingly visible in secondary education in India, findings of this paper propose potential policy implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Pradeep Kumar Choudhury & Angrej Singh Gill & Amit Kumar, 2024. "What drives demand for private tutoring in secondary education? Evidence from India," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 26(3), pages 816-839, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jsecdv:v:26:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s40847-023-00291-8
    DOI: 10.1007/s40847-023-00291-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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