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Inequality of earnings and housing costs – developments between and within regions

Author

Listed:
  • Philipp Breidenbach

    (RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research)

  • Sandra Schaffner

    (RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research
    Duisburg Business and Innovation)

Abstract

Household well-being is strongly influenced by changes in income – but real income is strongly determined by housing costs. The evolution of inequalities in both variables largely determines the development of living conditions between households. In this paper, we look at inequality trends between 2008 and 2017 from a regional perspective – between and within regions. While neighborhood earnings inequality has generally declined slightly, it is rising within Germany’s largest cities. On the other hand, inequality in rents has less declined within those cities than in the rest of Germany, corresponding to price increases in poorer neighborhoods, too. Households in these poor neighborhoods thus suffer from a below-average earnings development, while it seems that the main costs caused by new rentals increase similar to the rest of the city.

Suggested Citation

  • Philipp Breidenbach & Sandra Schaffner, 2025. "Inequality of earnings and housing costs – developments between and within regions," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 59(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jlabrs:v:59:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1186_s12651-024-00390-x
    DOI: 10.1186/s12651-024-00390-x
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regional disparities; Inequality of earnings and housing costs;

    JEL classification:

    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • R31 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location - - - Housing Supply and Markets

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