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Evaluation der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik: Ein Sachstandsbericht für die Instrumentenreform 2011

Author

Listed:
  • Gerd Heyer
  • Susanne Koch
  • Gesine Stephan
  • Joachim Wolff

Abstract

Der Beitrag gibt einen ergebnisorientierten Überblick über den Stand der Evaluation der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland. Die Befunde weisen überwiegend darauf hin, dass die meisten Maßnahmen bzw. Instrumente (als solche werden Maßnahmen bezeichnet, die auf der Grundlage einer gesetzlichen Normierung erbracht werden), die Beschäftigungschancen zumindest bei bestimmten Personengruppen steigern können. Verbesserungspotenzial besteht vor allem bei der zielgenauen Auswahl der Teilnehmer, die durch bestimmte Instrumente gefördert werden. Im Einzelnen lässt sich festhalten: Zur Unterstützung des Vermittlungsprozesses an Dritte überwiesene Personen waren später kaum häufiger beschäftigt als jene, die durch die Arbeitsagentur betreut wurden. Bestimmte Gruppen von Arbeitslosen konnten aber von der Überweisung profitieren. Etwas besser sind die Ergebnisse beim Vermittlungsgutschein. Eingliederungszuschüsse, betriebliche Trainingsmaßnahmen und die Gründungsförderung haben besonders positive Effekte auf die Beschäftigungschancen der Geförderten. Grundsätzlich besteht allerdings bei allen Maßnahmen, die mit einer Beschäftigungsaufnahme einhergehen, ein Risiko von Mitnahme-, Substitutions- und Verdrängungseffekten. Berufliche Weiterbildung und nicht-betriebliche Trainingsmaßnahmen erhöhen ebenfalls die Chancen auf eine reguläre Beschäftigung, allerdings häufig erst mit Zeitverzögerung. Beschäftigungsmaßnahmen verbessern die Integrationschancen bei arbeitsmarktfernen Gruppen. Für Personen, die dem Arbeitsmarkt näher stehen, können sie schädlich sein. Bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen tragen sie nicht zum Ziel einer Integration in den Arbeits- und Ausbildungsmarkt bei. Copyright Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Gerd Heyer & Susanne Koch & Gesine Stephan & Joachim Wolff, 2012. "Evaluation der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik: Ein Sachstandsbericht für die Instrumentenreform 2011," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 45(1), pages 41-62, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:jlabrs:v:45:y:2012:i:1:p:41-62
    DOI: 10.1007/s12651-012-0099-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Bräuninger, Michael & Michaelis, Jochen & Sode, Madlen, 2013. "10 Jahre Hartz-Reformen," HWWI Policy Papers 73, Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI).
      • Michael Bräuninger & Jochen Michaelis & Madlen Sode, 2013. "10 Jahre Hartz-Reformen," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201318, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    2. Alexander Spermann, 2015. "How to fight long-term unemployment: lessons from Germany," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-15, December.
    3. Didem Koca, 2022. "Comparative Analysis of the Labor Market Structure and Active Labor Market Policies of G7 Countries and Turkey Between 2000-2020," Journal of Social Policy Conferences, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 0(83), pages 101-140, December.
    4. Marco Caliendo & Steffen Künn, 2015. "Getting back into the labor market: the effects of start-up subsidies for unemployed females," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 28(4), pages 1005-1043, October.
    5. Tobias Brändle & Lukas Fervers, 2021. "Give it Another Try: What are the Effects of a Job Creation Scheme Especially Designed for Hard-to-Place Workers?," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 382-417, December.
    6. Eichhorst, Werner, 2015. "Low Pay as an Alternative to Public Direct Job Creation? Lessons from the German Case," IZA Policy Papers 99, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Betzelt, Sigrid, 2015. "The myth of more social inclusion through activation reforms: The case of Germany," IPE Working Papers 57/2015, Berlin School of Economics and Law, Institute for International Political Economy (IPE).
    8. Hohmeyer, Katrin & Wolff, Joachim, 2015. "Selektivität von Ein-Euro-Job-Ankündigungen," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201502, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    9. Eichhorst, Werner & Hinte, Holger & Rinne, Ulf, 2013. "Youth Unemployment in Europe: What to Do about It?," IZA Policy Papers 65, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Michael Weber, 2016. "The short-run and long-run effects of decentralizing public employment services," ifo Working Paper Series 209, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    11. Bofinger, Peter & Buch, Claudia M. & Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Wieland, Volker, 2013. "Gegen eine rückwärtsgewandte Wirtschaftspolitik. Jahresgutachten 2013/14 [Against a backward-looking economic policy. Annual Report 2013/14]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201314.
    12. Schäfer, Holger & Schmidt, Jörg, 2014. "Einstieg in Arbeit: Die Rolle der Arbeitsmarktregulierung. Gutachten im Auftrag der INSM," IW policy papers 15/2014, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute.
    13. Arnd Kölling, 2014. "Wirtschaftsförderung, Produktivität und betriebliche Arbeitsnachfrage [Subsidies, productivity and labour demand]," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 47(1), pages 143-164, March.
    14. Launov, Andrey & Wälde, Klaus, 2014. "Thumbscrews for Agencies or Individuals? How to reduce unemployment," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy 100558, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.

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    Keywords

    Evaluation der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Instrumentenreform; Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Eingliederungschancen; Beschäftigungsförderung auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt; Öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung; J68; J64; J65;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy
    • J64 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
    • J65 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings

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