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Need Satisfaction and Optimal Functioning at Leisure and Work: A Longitudinal Validation Study of the DRAMMA Model

Author

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  • Miika Kujanpää

    (Tampere University)

  • Christine Syrek

    (University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg)

  • Dirk Lehr

    (Leuphana University of Lueneburg)

  • Ulla Kinnunen

    (Tampere University)

  • Jo Annika Reins

    (Leuphana University of Lueneburg)

  • Jessica Bloom

    (Tampere University
    University of Groningen)

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in psychological need satisfaction and its role in promoting optimal functioning. The DRAMMA model integrates existing need and recovery models to explain why leisure is connected to optimal functioning (i.e., high well-being and low ill-being). It encompasses six psychological needs: detachment, relaxation, autonomy, mastery, meaning, and affiliation (DRAMMA). While the individual needs of the DRAMMA model have been previously shown to relate to different aspects of optimal functioning, a longitudinal study examining the entire model has not been conducted before. In this longitudinal field study covering leisure and work episodes, we tested the within-person reliability and (construct and criterion) validity of the operationalization of the DRAMMA model in a sample of 279 German employees. Participants filled out measures of DRAMMA need satisfaction and optimal functioning at five measurement times before, during, and after vacation periods in 2016 and 2017. The six-factor model showed good fit to the data. In the multilevel models, relaxation, detachment, autonomy, and mastery had the most consistent within-person effects on optimal functioning, while the relationships between optimal functioning, meaning, and affiliation were considerably weaker. In conclusion, DRAMMA need satisfaction can aid and nurture employees’ optimal functioning.

Suggested Citation

  • Miika Kujanpää & Christine Syrek & Dirk Lehr & Ulla Kinnunen & Jo Annika Reins & Jessica Bloom, 2021. "Need Satisfaction and Optimal Functioning at Leisure and Work: A Longitudinal Validation Study of the DRAMMA Model," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 681-707, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:22:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10902-020-00247-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-020-00247-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Rebecca Komp & Simone Kauffeld & Patrizia Ianiro-Dahm, 2022. "Student Presenteeism in Digital Times—A Mixed Methods Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Grace B. Yu & Najung Kim, 2021. "The Effects of Leisure Life Satisfaction on Subjective Wellbeing under the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Stress Relief," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Roald Pijpker & Philipp Kerksieck & Martin Tušl & Jessica de Bloom & Rebecca Brauchli & Georg F. Bauer, 2022. "The Role of Off-Job Crafting in Burnout Prevention during COVID-19 Crisis: A Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.
    4. Merly Kosenkranius & Floor Rink & Miika Kujanpää & Jessica de Bloom, 2021. "Motives for Crafting Work and Leisure: Focus on Opportunities at Work and Psychological Needs as Drivers of Crafting Efforts," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-20, November.

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