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Easy as (Happiness) Pie? A Critical Evaluation of a Popular Model of the Determinants of Well-Being

Author

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  • Nicholas J. L. Brown

    (University of Groningen)

  • Julia M. Rohrer

    (Max Planck Institute for Human Development
    University of Leipzig
    German Institute for Economic Research)

Abstract

An underlying principle behind much of the research in positive psychology is that individuals have considerable leeway to increase their levels of happiness. In an influential article that is frequently cited in support of such claims, Lyubomirsky et al. (Rev Gen Psychol 9:111–131, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111 ) put forward a model (subsequently popularized under the name of the “happiness pie”) in which approximately 50% of individual differences in happiness are due to genetic factors and 10% to life circumstances, leaving 40% available to be changed via volitional activities. We re-examined Lyubomirsky et al.’s claims and found several apparent deficiencies in their chain of arguments on both the empirical and the conceptual level. We conclude that there is little empirical evidence for the variance decomposition suggested by the “happiness pie,” and that even if it were valid, it is not necessarily informative with respect to the question of whether individuals can truly exert substantial influence over their own chronic happiness level. We believe that our critical re-examination of Lyubomirsky et al.’s seminal article offers insights into some common misconceptions and pitfalls of scientific inference, and we hope that it might contribute to the construction of a more rigorous and solid empirical basis for the field of positive psychology.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicholas J. L. Brown & Julia M. Rohrer, 2020. "Easy as (Happiness) Pie? A Critical Evaluation of a Popular Model of the Determinants of Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 1285-1301, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:21:y:2020:i:4:d:10.1007_s10902-019-00128-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00128-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anik Debrot & Sebastian Siegler & Petra L. Klumb & Dominik Schoebi, 2018. "Daily Work Stress and Relationship Satisfaction: Detachment Affects Romantic Couples’ Interactions Quality," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(8), pages 2283-2301, December.
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    5. Ragnhild Bang Nes & Espen Røysamb, 2017. "Happiness in Behaviour Genetics: An Update on Heritability and Changeability," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 1533-1552, October.
    6. Carol Nickerson, 2007. "Theory/Analysis Mismatch: Comment on Fredrickson and Joiner’s (2002) Test of the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 8(4), pages 537-561, December.
    7. Liselot Hudders & Mario Pandelaere, 2012. "The Silver Lining of Materialism: The Impact of Luxury Consumption on Subjective Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 411-437, June.
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    2. Boris N. Nikolaev & Michael P. Lerman & Christopher J. Boudreaux & Brandon A. Mueller, 2023. "Self-Employment and Eudaimonic Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Problem- and Emotion-Focused Coping," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(6), pages 2121-2154, November.
    3. Jean-Denis Mathias & Nicolas Pellerin & Gustavo Carrero & Eric Raufaste & Michael Dambrun, 2024. "Running on the Hedonic Treadmill: A Dynamical Model of Happiness Based on an Approach–Avoidance Framework," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(5), pages 1-38, June.
    4. Eleftherios Giovanis, 2022. "The effects of international migration on well-being of natives and immigrants: evidence from Germany, Switzerland and the UK," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(6), pages 1-33, June.

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