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Global linkages among energy, food and water: an economic assessment

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Ringler

    (International Food Policy Research Institute)

  • Dirk Willenbockel

    (Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex)

  • Nicostrato Perez

    (International Food Policy Research Institute)

  • Mark Rosegrant

    (International Food Policy Research Institute)

  • Tingju Zhu

    (International Food Policy Research Institute)

  • Nathanial Matthews

    (CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems)

Abstract

The resolution adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 25 September 2015 is symptomatic of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus. It postulates goals and related targets for 2030 that include (1) End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture (SDG2); (2) Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all (SDG6); and (3) Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all (SDG7). There will be tradeoffs between achieving these goals particularly in the wake of changing consumption patterns and rising demands from a growing population expected to reach more than nine billion by 2050. This paper uses global economic analysis tools to assess the impacts of long-term changes in fossil fuel prices, for example, as a result of a carbon tax under the UNFCCC or in response to new, large findings of fossil energy sources, on water and food outcomes. We find that a fossil fuel tax would not adversely affect food security and could be a boon to global food security if it reduces adverse climate change impacts.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Ringler & Dirk Willenbockel & Nicostrato Perez & Mark Rosegrant & Tingju Zhu & Nathanial Matthews, 2016. "Global linkages among energy, food and water: an economic assessment," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 6(1), pages 161-171, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jenvss:v:6:y:2016:i:1:d:10.1007_s13412-016-0386-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s13412-016-0386-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Mahlknecht, Jürgen & González-Bravo, Ramón & Loge, Frank J., 2020. "Water-energy-food security: A Nexus perspective of the current situation in Latin America and the Caribbean," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    2. Dudu, Hasan & Ferrari, Emanuele & Mainar, Alfredo & Sartori, Martina, 2018. "Economy-wide impact of changing water availability in Senegal: an application of the JRC.DEMETRA CGE model," Conference papers 332934, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    3. Francesco Fuso Nerini & Julia Tomei & Long Seng To & Iwona Bisaga & Priti Parikh & Mairi Black & Aiduan Borrion & Catalina Spataru & Vanesa Castán Broto & Gabrial Anandarajah & Ben Milligan & Yacob Mu, 2018. "Mapping synergies and trade-offs between energy and the Sustainable Development Goals," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 10-15, January.
    4. White, David J. & Hubacek, Klaus & Feng, Kuishuang & Sun, Laixiang & Meng, Bo, 2018. "The Water-Energy-Food Nexus in East Asia: A tele-connected value chain analysis using inter-regional input-output analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 550-567.
    5. Ruth Delzeit & Roberto Beach & Ruben Bibas & Wolfgang Britz & Jean Chateau & Florian Freund & Julien Lefevre & Franziska Schuenemann & Timothy Sulser & Hugo Valin & Bas van Ruijven & Matthias Weitzel , 2020. "Linking global CGE models with sectoral models to generate baseline scenarios: Approaches, opportunities and pitfalls," Post-Print hal-03128285, HAL.
    6. Hongfang Li & Huixiao Wang & Yaxue Yang & Ruxin Zhao, 2021. "Regional Coordination and Security of Water–Energy–Food Symbiosis in Northeastern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Dirk Willenbockel & Claudia Ringler & Nikos Perez & Mark Rosegrant & Tingiu Zhu & Nathanial Matthews, 2016. "Climate Policy and the Energy-Water-Food Nexus: A Model Linkage Approach," EcoMod2016 9746, EcoMod.
    8. Zolfaghari, Mehdi & Jariani, Farzaneh, 2020. "Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the Middle East and North African Countries (MENA)," MPRA Paper 104583, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Qu, Yang & Hooper, Tara & Swales, J. Kim & Papathanasopoulou, Eleni & Austen, Melanie C. & Yan, Xiaoyu, 2021. "Energy-food nexus in the marine environment: A macroeconomic analysis on offshore wind energy and seafood production in Scotland," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    10. Magalhaes, M. & Ringler, C. & Verma, Shilp & Schmitter, Petra, 2022. "Accelerating rural energy access for agricultural transformation: contribution of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems to transforming food, land and water systems in a climate cri," IWMI Reports 329154, International Water Management Institute.
    11. Ousmane Seidou & Claudia Ringler & Spela Kalcic & Luca Ferrini & Traoré Abdou Ramani & Abdou Guero, 2021. "A semi-qualitative approach to the operationalization of the Food–Environment–Energy–Water (FE2W) Nexus concept for infrastructure planning: a case study of the Niger Basin," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(5), pages 744-770, July.
    12. Ruth Delzeit & Robert Beach & Ruben Bibas & Wolfgang Britz & Jean Chateau & Florian Freund & Julien Lefevre & Franziska Schuenemann & Timothy Sulser & Hugo Valin & Bas van Ruijven & Matthias Weitzel &, 2020. "Linking Global CGE Models with Sectoral Models to Generate Baseline Scenarios: Approaches, Challenges, and Opportunities," Journal of Global Economic Analysis, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, vol. 5(1), pages 162-195, June.
    13. Rosegrant, Mark W., 2016. "Energy, Water and Food under Climate Change: Tradeoffs and Policies," 2016 Conference (60th), February 2-5, 2016, Canberra, Australia 235590, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    14. Dale Whittington & Richard T. Carson & Thomas Sterner, 2023. "Policy Note: Benefit Cost Analysis of Water Investments in the Anthropocene," Water Economics and Policy (WEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 9(03), pages 1-23, July.
    15. Al-Riffai, Perrihan & Breisinger, Clemens & Mondal, Md. Hossain Alam & Ringler, Claudia & Wiebelt, Manfred & Zhu, Tingju, 2017. "Linking the economics of water, energy, and food: A nexus modeling approach," MENA working papers 4, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    16. Magalhaes, M. & Ringler, C. & Verma, Shilp & Schmitter, Petra, 2021. "Accelerating rural energy access for agricultural transformation: contribution of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems to transforming food, land and water systems in a climate cri," IWMI Books, Reports H050910, International Water Management Institute.
    17. Aurobrata Das & Bhabagrahi Sahoo & Sudhindra N. Panda, 2020. "Evaluation of Nexus-Sustainability and Conventional Approaches for Optimal Water-Energy-Land-Crop Planning in an Irrigated Canal Command," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(8), pages 2329-2351, June.
    18. Ghosh, Bikramaditya & Gubareva, Mariya & Ghosh, Anandita & Paparas, Dimitrios & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2024. "Food, energy, and water nexus: A study on interconnectedness and trade-offs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    19. Yosef Alamri & Khalid Alrwis & Adel Ghanem & Sahar Kamara & Sharafeldin Alaagib & Nageeb Aldawdahi, 2023. "The Economic Nexus between Energy, Water Consumption, and Food Production in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, April.

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