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Live and let live: understanding the temporal drivers and spillovers of life expectancy in Europe for public planning

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  • Pilar Gracia-de-Rentería

    (Agrifood Economics Unit, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA)
    AgriFood Institute of Aragon–IA2 (CITA—University of Zaragoza))

  • Hugo Ferrer-Pérez

    (Agrifood Economics Unit, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA)
    AgriFood Institute of Aragon–IA2 (CITA—University of Zaragoza))

  • Ana Isabel Sanjuán

    (Agrifood Economics Unit, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA)
    AgriFood Institute of Aragon–IA2 (CITA—University of Zaragoza))

  • George Philippidis

    (AgriFood Institute of Aragon–IA2 (CITA—University of Zaragoza)
    Aragonese Agency for Research and Development (ARAID))

Abstract

The European continent has one of the longest life expectancies in the world, but still faces a significant challenge to meet the health targets set by the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations for 2030. To improve the understanding of the rationale that guides health outcomes in Europe, this study assesses the direction and magnitude effects of the drivers that contribute to explain life expectancy at birth across 30 European countries for the period 2008–2018 at macro-level. For this purpose, an aggregated health production function is used allowing for spatial effects. The results indicate that an increase in the income level, health expenditure, trade openness, education attainment, or urbanisation might lead to an increase in life expectancy at birth, whereas calories intake or quantity of air pollutants have a negative impact on this health indicator. This implies that health policies should look beyond economic factors and focus also on social and environmental drivers. The results also indicate the existence of significant spillover effects, highlighting the need for coordinated European policies that account for the synergies between countries. Finally, a foresight analysis is conducted to obtain projections for 2030 under different socioeconomic pathways. Results reveal significant differences on longevity projections depending on the adoption, or not, of a more sustainable model of human development and provides valuable insight on the need for anticipatory planning measures to make longer life-spans compatible with the maintenance of the welfare state.

Suggested Citation

  • Pilar Gracia-de-Rentería & Hugo Ferrer-Pérez & Ana Isabel Sanjuán & George Philippidis, 2023. "Live and let live: understanding the temporal drivers and spillovers of life expectancy in Europe for public planning," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 24(3), pages 335-347, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eujhec:v:24:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s10198-022-01469-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10198-022-01469-3
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    2. Tamás Hajdu & Judit Krekó & Csaba G. Tóth, 2023. "Inequalities in regional excess mortality and life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 2316, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Health production function; Life expectancy; Sustainable development; Spatial panel model; Europe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • H51 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Health
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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