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Adjusting the adjusted Rand Index

Author

Listed:
  • Martina Sundqvist

    (Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris
    Institut Curie-PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Breast Cancer Biology Group)

  • Julien Chiquet

    (Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris)

  • Guillem Rigaill

    (Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2)
    Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Univ Evry)

Abstract

The Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) is arguably one of the most popular measures for cluster comparison. The adjustment of the ARI is based on a hypergeometric distribution assumption which is not satisfactory from a modeling point of view because (i) it is not appropriate when the two clusterings are dependent, (ii) it forces the size of the clusters, and (iii) it ignores the randomness of the sampling. In this work, we present a new "modified" version of the Rand Index. First, as in Russell et al. (J Malar Inst India 3(1), 1940 ), we consider only the pairs consistent by similarity and ignore the pairs consistent by difference to define the MRI. Second, we base the adjusted version, called MARI, on a multinomial distribution instead of a hypergeometric distribution. The multinomial model is advantageous because it does not force the size of the clusters, correctly models randomness and is easily extended to the dependent case. We show that ARI is biased under the multinomial model and that the difference between ARI and MARI can be significant for small n but essentially vanishes for large n, where n is the number of individuals. Finally, we provide an efficient algorithm to compute all these quantities ((A)RI and M(A)RI) based on a sparse representation of the contingency table in our aricode package. The space and time complexity is linear with respect to the number of samples and, more importantly, does not depend on the number of clusters as we do not explicitly compute the contingency table.

Suggested Citation

  • Martina Sundqvist & Julien Chiquet & Guillem Rigaill, 2023. "Adjusting the adjusted Rand Index," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 38(1), pages 327-347, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:compst:v:38:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s00180-022-01230-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s00180-022-01230-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Ahmed N. Albatineh & Magdalena Niewiadomska-Bugaj & Daniel Mihalko, 2006. "On Similarity Indices and Correction for Chance Agreement," Journal of Classification, Springer;The Classification Society, vol. 23(2), pages 301-313, September.
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