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Evidence of climate-driven changes on atmospheric, hydrological, and oceanographic variables along the Chilean coastal zone

Author

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  • Patricio Winckler Grez

    (Universidad de Valparaíso
    Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Desastres Naturales (CIGIDEN-PUC)
    Centro de Observación Marino para estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR-UV))

  • Catalina Aguirre

    (Universidad de Valparaíso
    Centro de Observación Marino para estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR-UV)
    Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2))

  • Laura Farías

    (Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2)
    Universidad de Concepción)

  • Manuel Contreras-López

    (Universidad de Playa Ancha)

  • Ítalo Masotti

    (Centro de Observación Marino para estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTAR-UV)
    Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia (CR2)
    Universidad de Valparaíso)

Abstract

The Chilean coastal zone (CCZ) is subjected to a complex spectrum of anthropogenic, geophysical, biogeochemical, and climate-driven perturbations. Potentially affected variables including atmospheric sea level pressure (Pa), alongshore wind, sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, rainfall, river discharge, relative mean sea level (RMSL), and wave climate are studied using in situ and satellite records, hindcasts, and reanalysis datasets. Linear temporal trends and correlations of anomalies are estimated between 18°S and 55°S along the CCZ. The comparison of some of the variables is achieved by means of a strict homogenization procedure on a monthly basis for 35 years. Our findings show that the poleward drift and strengthening of the Southeast Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone (SPSA) partially explains the increase in Pa and reduction in rainfall and river discharge. The enhancement of alongshore winds, also attributable to changes in the SPSA, increases coastal upwelling, which in turn could reduce SST and increase chlorophyll-a. Despite differential latitudinal responses, increasing wave heights and a southward rotation are evidenced. RMSL does not show significant variation as it is presumably affected by seafloor changes during the seismic cycle. Though some correlations are evidenced, the influence of climate variability at decadal scale (PDO, SAM) may be affecting the detected trends due to the short length of available data. Impacts on coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems are discussed, aiming to highlight that coastal vulnerabilities and risk management should be based on the cumulative impacts of these variables.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricio Winckler Grez & Catalina Aguirre & Laura Farías & Manuel Contreras-López & Ítalo Masotti, 2020. "Evidence of climate-driven changes on atmospheric, hydrological, and oceanographic variables along the Chilean coastal zone," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 163(2), pages 633-652, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:climat:v:163:y:2020:i:2:d:10.1007_s10584-020-02805-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02805-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dasgupta, Susmita & Laplante, Benoit & Meisner, Craig & Wheeler, David & Jianping Yan, 2007. "The impact of sea level rise on developing countries : a comparative analysis," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4136, The World Bank.
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    1. César Méndez & Amalia Nuevo-Delaunay & Sebastián Grasset & Antonio Maldonado & Roxana Seguel & Andrés Troncoso & Claudia Talep & Daniela Villalón, 2021. "Different(ial) Human Use of Coastal Landscapes: Archaeological Contexts, Chronology, and Assemblages of El Teniente Bay (31° S, Chile, South America)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Patricio Winckler & Roberto Agredano Martín & César Esparza & Oscar Melo & María Isabel Sactic & Carolina Martínez, 2023. "Projections of Beach Erosion and Associated Costs in Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, March.
    3. Jorge León & Patricio Winckler & Magdalena Vicuña & Simón Guzmán & Cristian Larraguibel, 2023. "Assessing the Role of Land-Use Planning in Near Future Climate-Driven Scenarios in Chilean Coastal Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.

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