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Adverse Childhood Experience and Adolescent Well-being: Do Protective Factors Matter?

Author

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  • Kristin Anderson Moore

    (Child Trends)

  • Alysha Ramirez

    (The University of Arizona)

Abstract

Studies have found traumatic experiences in childhood to have lasting effects across the lifecourse. These adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include a variety of types of trauma, including psychological, physical or sexual abuse; living in poverty; violence in the home; living with a substance abuser; living with a mentally ill or suicidal person; or living with someone who is or has been imprisoned. Long-term effects among adults have been found in previous studies; but there is limited research on the association between ACEs and adolescent development and even less on potential protective factors to mediate these associations. Utilizing the U.S. 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health, this study examines both the prevalence of ACEs in a nationally representative sample of 12–17 year old adolescents and the cross-sectional relationship between experiencing ACEs and multiple measures of well-being. Potential protective factors are then examined in a mediation model. Results indicate that the more ACEs adolescents experience, the less likely they are to enjoy high levels of well-being. Many factors partially mediate this association, including residing in a safe neighborhood, attending a safe school, and parental monitoring of friends and activities. We conclude that measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent an important construct for indicator systems; in addition, these findings indicate that measures of protective factors represent important components of indication systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristin Anderson Moore & Alysha Ramirez, 2016. "Adverse Childhood Experience and Adolescent Well-being: Do Protective Factors Matter?," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 9(2), pages 299-316, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:chinre:v:9:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1007_s12187-015-9324-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s12187-015-9324-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emma Björkenstam & Anders Hjern & Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz & Bo Vinnerljung & Johan Hallqvist & Rickard Ljung, 2013. "Multi-Exposure and Clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences, Socioeconomic Differences and Psychotropic Medication in Young Adults," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-9, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Turney, Kristin, 2020. "Cumulative adverse childhood experiences and children’s health," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    2. Murphy, Kelly & Moore, Kristin Anderson & Redd, Zakia & Malm, Karin, 2017. "Trauma-informed child welfare systems and children's well-being: A longitudinal evaluation of KVC's bridging the way home initiative," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 23-34.
    3. Kim, Isak & Galván, Angélica & Kim, Nayoung, 2021. "Independent and cumulative impacts of adverse childhood experiences on adolescent subgroups of anxiety and depression," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    4. Sharafi, Zahra, 2023. "Poverty and perseverance: The detrimental effect of poverty on effort provision," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    5. Alyssa Simon & Jamie Cage & Aderonke A. Akinkugbe, 2021. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Oral Health Outcomes in U.S. Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study of the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Reem M. Ghandour & Kristin Anderson Moore & Kelly Murphy & Christina Bethell & Jessica R. Jones & Robin Harwood & Jessica Buerlein & Michael Kogan & Michael Lu, 2019. "School Readiness among U.S. Children: Development of a Pilot Measure," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(4), pages 1389-1411, August.
    7. Jorge J. Varela & Jaime Alfaro & Roberto Melipillán & Denise Oyarzún Gómez & Mònica González-Carrasco, 2020. "Perceptions of Safety, Satisfaction with Neighborhood and Life Satisfaction Among Chilean Adolescents," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 13(4), pages 1489-1502, August.
    8. Lee, Hye Yeon & Kim, Isak & Nam, Sojeong & Jeong, Jeongwoon, 2020. "Adverse childhood experiences and the associations with depression and anxiety in adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    9. Trinidad, Jose Eos, 2021. "Social consequences and contexts of adverse childhood experiences," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    10. Loreto Leiva & Betzabé Torres-Cortés & Andrés Antivilo-Bruna, 2022. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health: When Well-Being Matters," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 15(2), pages 631-655, April.
    11. Walsh, Matthew C. & Joyce, Sophie & Maloney, Tim & Vaithianathan, Rhema, 2020. "Exploring the protective factors of children and families identified at highest risk of adverse childhood experiences by a predictive risk model: An analysis of the growing up in New Zealand cohort," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    12. Cho, Esther Yin-Nei & Yu, Fuk-Yuen, 2020. "A review of measurement tools for child wellbeing," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    13. Oliver Nahkur & Dagmar Kutsar, 2019. "Social Ecological Measures of Interpersonal Destructiveness Impacting Child Subjective Mental Well-Being: Perceptions of 12-Year-Old Children in 14 Countries," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 12(1), pages 353-378, February.

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