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Associations between adverse childhood experiences and health outcomes in adults aged 18–59 years

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  • Xuening Chang
  • Xueyan Jiang
  • Tamara Mkandarwire
  • Min Shen

Abstract

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poor health status later in life. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and health-related behaviors, chronic diseases, and mental health in adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 1501 residents of Macheng, China. The ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used to assess ACEs, including psychological, physical, and sexual forms of abuse, as well as household dysfunction. The main outcome variables were lifetime drinking status, lifetime smoking status, chronic diseases, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between overall ACE score and individual ACE component scores and risk behaviors/comorbidities in adulthood after controlling for potential confounders. Results: A total of 66.2% of participants reported at least one ACE, and 5.93% reported four or more ACEs. Increased ACE scores were associated with increased risks of drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.09, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.00–1.09), chronic disease (AOR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.28), depression (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.27–1.48), and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.23–1.42) in adulthood. After adjusting for confounding factors, the individual ACE components had different impacts on risk behavior and health, particularly on poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. Conclusions: ACEs during childhood were significantly associated with risk behaviors and poor health outcomes in adulthood, and different ACE components had different long-term effects on health outcomes in adulthood.

Suggested Citation

  • Xuening Chang & Xueyan Jiang & Tamara Mkandarwire & Min Shen, 2019. "Associations between adverse childhood experiences and health outcomes in adults aged 18–59 years," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(2), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0211850
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211850
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    2. Perry, Elizabeth W. & Culbreth, Rachel & Swahn, Monica & Kasirye, Rogers & Self-Brown, Shannon, 2020. "Psychological distress among orphaned youth and youth reporting sexual exploitation in Kampala, Uganda," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    3. Agar Brugiavini & Raluca Elena Buia & Matija Kovacic & Cristina Elisa Orso, 2020. "Adverse childhood experiences and risk behaviours later in life: Evidence from SHARE countries," Working Papers 2020:08, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari".
    4. Fahad M. Alhowaymel & Karen A. Kalmakis & Lisa M. Chiodo & Nicole M. Kent & Maha Almuneef, 2023. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Chronic Diseases: Identifying a Cut-Point for ACE Scores," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-9, January.
    5. A. Brugiavini & R. E. Buia & M. Kovacic & C. E. Orso, 2023. "Adverse childhood experiences and unhealthy lifestyles later in life: evidence from SHARE countries," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Yufeng Zhao & Dianxi Wang & Feilun Du, 2022. "The Moderating Effect of Contact with Children on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression in Adulthood among a Chinese Adult Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-15, July.
    7. Ingyu Moon & Junghee Han, 2022. "Moderating Effects of Physical Activity on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health-Related Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-18, January.
    8. Verbist, A. Nathan & Winters, Andrew M. & Collins-Camargo, Crystal & Antle, Becky F., 2020. "Standardized assessment domains as predictors of prescription of trauma-focused treatment for youth in out-of-home care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    9. Chun Chen & Yu Sun & Boyuan Liu & Xiao Zhang & Yingquan Song, 2022. "The Latent Class Analysis of Adverse Childhood Experiences among Chinese Children and Early Adolescents in Rural Areas and Their Association with Depression and Suicidal Ideation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-13, November.
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    11. Amanda Sonnega & Brooke Helppie-McFall, 2021. "The Relationship Between Adverse Experiences Over the Life Course and Early Retirement Due to Disability," Working Papers wp435, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center.
    12. Janet Currie, 2020. "Child health as human capital," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(4), pages 452-463, April.

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